Biology - Chapter 11.1: Circulatory System

Question 1

Flow of blood through heart

Answer 1

Right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary artery –> lung –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta –> body

Question 2

SA node

Answer 2

• pacemaker

- initiates and maintains regular contractions

Question 3

AV node

Answer 3

-adds a brief delay between contraction of the atria and the contraction of the ventricles

Question 4

Systole

Answer 4

• occurs right after ventricles eject blood into arteries

- where blood pressure is highest

Question 5

Diastole

Answer 5

• occurs right after the atria contract to fill the ventricles
• where blood pressure is the lowest

Question 6

Lub-Dub

Answer 6

Lub: AV valves closing (atria relaxed, ventricles contracting)
Dub: Semilunar valves closing (atria contracting, ventricles relaxed)

Question 7

Intercalated discs

Answer 7

• Connect adjacent heart cells

- function to transmit the signal to contract in a coordinated, rhythmic fashion

Question 8

P wave, Q wave, R wave, S wave

Answer 8

P wave: atria depolarization
Q wave: depolarization through interventricular septum
R wave: ventricular depolarization
S wave: completion of ventricular depolarization

Question 9

HR

Answer 9

• Heart rate is how fast the heart beats
• Tachycardia: >100 bpm
• Bradycardia: <60 bpm

Question 10

SV

Answer 10

• Stroke volume is volume of blood pumped from the heart with each beat
• SV = end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume

Question 11

CO

Answer 11

• Cardiac output is the stroke volume multiplied by heart rate
• Tells us volume of blood being pumped by the heart in 1 minute

CO = HR * SV

Question 12

TPR

Answer 12

• Total peripheral resistance

- Vasoconstriction increases TPR, vasodilation decreases TPR

Question 13

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 13

• Highest pressure in your arteries when ventricles contract

- Top number of blood pressure reading

Question 14

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 14

• Pressure in your arteries while heart is relaxed between beats
• Bottom number of blood pressure reading

Question 15

MAP

Answer 15

-Mean arterial pressure is the average arterial pressure during one complete cardiac cycle

MAP = CO * TPR or

Question 16

Arteries

Answer 16

-Move blood away from heart

Question 17

Veins

Answer 17

• Move blood towards heart

- It is not the pumping of the heart that moves blood through the veins

Question 18

4 Components of Blood

Answer 18

1) Plasma 55%
2) Leukocytes 1%
3) Thrombocytes 1%
4) Erythrocytes 45%

Question 19

Type A Blood

Answer 19

• has Antigen-A
• has Anti-B antibody
• can receive A and O

Question 20

Type B Blood

Answer 20

• has Antigen-B
• has Anti-A antibody
• can receive B and O

Question 21

Type O Blood

Answer 21

• no antigen/antibody
• universal donor
• can only receive O

Question 22

Type AB Blood

Answer 22

• A and B antigen
• no antibodies
• universal acceptor

Question 23

Rh-/+ Blood

Answer 23

• problems occur in mixing Rh+ (Antigen D present) blood into Rh- blood (no antigen D present, no antibodies)
• Antibodies develop in first pregnancy if mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+
• Antibodies will kill second child

Question 24

Rh-/+ Blood Pedigree

Answer 24

Mother-fetus incompatibility only occurs if mother is Rh- (dd) but father is Rh+ (DD or Dd)