Biological approach AO1 Flashcards
What is the general assumption of the biological approach
Our thinking and behaviour are strongly determined by biological structures within the body such as genes and their functions.
What are genes?
- Bits of DNA that makes proteins.
- These proteins carry instructions for a characteristic.
What is hereditary?
Passing on characteristics from one generation to the next through genes (alleles)
What is genotype?
- It is a person’s genetic makeup.
- It is the whole set of genetic information carried by organisms
What is phenotype?
Genes are expressed through physical, behavioural, and psychological characteristics.
What is meant by the term allele?
Alternative/different form of genes (can be recessive or dominant)
What is heritability?
Extent to which genetic differences contribute to individual differences in observed behaviour.
How to fully understand human behaviour according to biological approach?
We must look at biological structures and processes within the body, such as genes, neurochemistry, and the nervous system.
What does the theory of natural selection propose?
That any genetically determined behaviour that enhances an individual’s survival and reproduction, will be able to continue in future generations.
What is evolution?
The changes in inherited characteristics in a population change over time.
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemicals in the brain
- When released, they trigger nerve impulses, which stimulate the brain (e.g. serotonin)
What is sexual selection?
When traits evolve because they were attracted to the opposite sex
What does sexual selection lead to?
Increases reproductive success and survival of genes into the next generation
