Attachment: Cultural variations

Question 1

Where did Simonella et al conducted their study? How many participants?

Answer 1

Study in Italy with 76 children

Question 2

SIMONELLA ET AL
What percentage were secure and insecure avoidant?

Answer 2

• 50% secure
• 36% insecure-avoidant

Question 3

SIMONELLA ET AL
Why is the percentage of secure attachment in Italy lower?

Answer 3

There is an increasing number of mothers who work long hours and use professional childcare.

Question 4

Who were the researchers from Germany that studied cultural variations?

Answer 4

IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg

Question 5

What did IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg look at?

Answer 5

Secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant attachments across different cultures

Question 6

METHOD
How did IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg conduct it?

Answer 6

• 32 studies of strange situation experiment
• meta analysis

Question 7

FINDINGS
What did IJzendoorn & Kroonenberg find?

Answer 7

• Secure attachment in most countries (e.g. 75% Britain, 50% China)
• Insecure resistant is least common (3% Britain, 30% Israel)
• Insecure avoidant mostly common in Germany and Japan