BIO220 Lecture 23 Flashcards
Climate effects on organisms, phenology, interactions
due to warming climate, we expect…
- migration (to poles & mountain tops)
- evolution
- population dynamics (e.g. extinction)
- phenotype changes
How do we predict range shift?
- assume that where species are now = their optimal
- use GCM to predict how conditions will change
- map where those optimal conditions will be in the future
Range shifts are common due to the constantly changing climate. Why is it a problem now?
Anthropocentric changes happen to fast for some species to migrate or evolve in time
Pronghorn antelope grazing habits
Follow grassland:
- north in summer
- south in winter
Anthropogenic change to pronghorn antelope
Built Green River natural grass field in their summer-winter migration route
Pronghorns are the…
Why?
fastest North American mammal;
get away from American Cheetah
American Cheetah
- skeleton similar to African Cheetah
- mDNA more similar to American cougar
- extinct
Why are pronghorns getting killed?
Get trapped by barb wire fences
Passenger pigeons travel in…
huge nomadic flocks
Anthropocentric change to passenger pigeons
- Shooting parks (organized slaughter)
- forest fragmentation
Why were passenger pigeons so successful?
can eat mast crops (which is used as defense by oak & breech trees)
Why did passenger pigeons go extinct?
- shooting
- fragmentation of forest: no mast crops
- allee effects: not big enough group for mating to happen
ideal habitat for pikas
Great Basin:
small mountain ranges surrounded by desert
lethal temp for pikas
27C
Pikas are adapted for life in…
high, cold mountains
on mountains, when temp warms 3C, you have to move upwards by ___
500 m
why are mountain creatures so impacted by warming climate?
As you move up the mountain, habitat gets smaller (cone-shape)
Modeling species lost from Sky Islands with climate change
S = cA^z
habitat loss for species if temp warms
Measuring species lost from Sky Islands
- 25 mountain ranges measured
- pikas lost from 7 of them :(
Pyke’s study on bumblebees
- 2 species of bees studied
- both species shifted up the mountain from 1974 -> 2007
altitude-latitude conversion
100m altitude = 300 km latitude
which species are most affected by climate change?
- mountain-inhabiting species [habitat]
- grass species (fast life cycle) [life history]
Areas that warm faster have ____ altitudinal & latitudinal change
more
how do we track evolutionary responses to global climate change?
track genetic polymorphisms & Mendelian traits
- infer genotype from phenotype
