bio145 quiz 2 (ch4,5)

Question 0

Staining techniques, phase microscopes, and polarized light may be used to enhance \_\_\_\_ between an object and its background or between two objects.
A) Contrast
B) Wavelength
C) Magnification
D) Resolution

Answer 0

A) Contrast

Question 1

Which of the following is the smallest?
A)Meter
B)Millimeter
C)Nanometer
D)Centimeter

Answer 1

C) Nanometer

Question 2

Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain are all examples of \_\_\_\_\_ which use more than one dye to differentiate different cells, chemicals, or structures.
A) Simple Stains
B) Decolorizing Agent
C) Negative stains 
D) Differential stains

Answer 2

D) Differential stains

Question 3

The electron microscope uses electron wave with very small wavelengths to resolve images of microbes. It uses what kind of stains to enhance contrast?
A) Colored single stains
B) Heavy metal stains
C) Gram stain
D) Endospore stain

Answer 3

B) Heavy metal stains

Question 4

Linnaeus invented a system of \_\_\_\_, grouping organisms into species, genera, families, orders, classes, phyla, and kingdoms.
A) Taxonomy
B) Microscopy
C) Fixation
D) Phage Typing

Answer 4

A) Taxonomy

Question 5

Woese proposed a different taxonomy based on three domains including:
A) Plantae, Animalia, Prokarya
B) Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
C) Kingdom, Phyla, Classes
D) Biochemical, Physical, Serological

Answer 5

B) Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

Question 6

A reduced molecule has
A) become more positive
B) is an electron donor 
C) lost electrons
D) gained electrons

Answer 6

D) gained electrons

Question 7

Coenzymes are
A) types of apoenzymes
B) proteins
C) inorganic cofactors
D) organic cofactors

Answer 7

D) organic cofactors

Question 8

Two external factors that can limit reactions by denaturing enzymes are_____
A) coenzymes and cofactors
B) substrate concentration and homeostasis
C) temperature and pH
D) oxidation and reduction

Answer 8

C) temperature and pH

Question 9

The three steps of aerobic glucose catabolism are:
A) fermentation, pentose, phosphate pathway, & electron transport chain
B) glycolysis, photosynthesis, and Calvin Benson cycle
C) glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain
D) lipid catabolism, protein catabolism, and Entner-Duodoroff pathway

Answer 9

C) Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain

Question 10

In the Kreb's cycle, FADH2 and NADH are \_\_\_\_\_, responsible for moving hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain.
A) electron carriers
B) substrates
C) holoenzymes
D) inhibitors

Answer 10

A) electron carriers

Question 11

The electron transport chain uses \_\_\_\_, or the general term for the use of ion gradients, to generate \_\_\_\_ ATP under optimal conditions.
A) phosphorylation, 2
B) chemiosmosis, 34
C) AcetylCoA, 0
D) Respiration, 4

Answer 11

B) chemiosmosis, 34

Question 12

This type of metabolic reaction recycles NAD+ and uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
A) Fermentation
B) glycolysis
C) anabolism
D) electron transport chain

Answer 12

A) fermentation

Question 13

The light reactions of photosynthesis harness light for energy in the form of ATP, while the Calvin-Benson cycle produces\_\_\_\_ form CO2 and H2O?
A) pyruvic acid
B) AcetylCoA 
C) lipids
D) glucose

Answer 13

D) glucose

Question 14

What chemical gives plants and some algae their green color?
A) protease
B) ubiquinone
C) chlorophyll
D) AcetylCoA

Answer 14

C) chlorophyll

Question 15

One of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding bacterial respiration. Which one is INCORRECT?
A) may occur anaerobically
B) organic compound serves as the final electron acceptor
C) may occur aerobically
D) produces more energy in the form of ATP than does fermentation

Answer 15

B) organic compound serves as the final electron acceptor

Question 16

The central intermediate that leads to the production of different fermentation products by bacteria is:
A) pyruvic acid
B) ATP
C) lactate
D) NADH

Answer 16

A) pyruvic acid