11. Characterizing And Classifying Prokaryotes

Question 0

_____ grouped bacteria into 3 domains.

______,______,____

Answer 0

Woese
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya

Question 1

Modern classification of prokaryotes based on ____

Answer 1

rRNA

Question 2

6 basic shapes of prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Coccus
Coccobacillus
Bacillus
Vibrio
Spirillum
Spirochete
Pleomorphic

Question 3

3 main methods of reproduction of prokaryotes

ALL PRODUCE ASEXUALLY

Answer 3

Binary fission (most common)
Snapping division
Budding

Question 4

Archaea reproduce by:

___,___,or___

Answer 4

Binary fission
Budding
Fragmentation

Question 5

Common features of microbes of archaea

Different then bacteria

Answer 5

• Lack true peptidoglycan cell wall
• Membrane lipids branched or ring form hydrocarbons
• Start codon AUG=methionine

Question 6

Two phyla of Archaea

Answer 6

Crenarchaeota

Euryarchaeota

Question 7

Archaea are not known to cause disease.

T/F?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Most archaea actually live in moderate conditions.

T/F?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Extremophile

Answer 9

Extreme temperature, pH, or salinity

Thermopiles (like it hot)
Halophiles (like it salty)

Question 10

2 kinds of extremophiles

Answer 10

Thermopiles

Halophiles

Question 11

Thermophile

Answer 11

Prokaryotes who do not function properly at temperatures lower than 45•C

Question 12

Hyperthermophiles

Answer 12

Prokaryotes that require temperatures over 80•C

Question 13

Halophiles

Answer 13

Organisms that inhabit extremely saline habitats

Ex) Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake

Question 14

Methanogens

Answer 14

Obligate anaerobes that convert CO2, H2, and organic acids into methane gas (CH4).
Largest known group of archaea
(In Euryarchaeota)

Question 15

Major groups of bacteria

Answer 15

Deeply branching
Phototrophic bacteria
Low G+C Gram positive
High G+C Gram positive
Gram negative proteobacteria
Other gram negatives

Question 16

Deeply branching bacteria

Answer 16

rRNA sequences and growth characteristics appear the organisms are similar to earliest or branched off the “tree” at an early stage

Question 17

Phototrophic bacteria

Answer 17

Acquire energy from light using pigments, many also autotrophic
-5 groups
Cyanobacteria, chlorobi, chloroflexi, purple sulfur, purple non sulfur

Question 18

Low G+C Gram positive bacteria

Answer 18

Clostridia
Mycoplasmas
Other low G+C bacili and cocci

Question 19

High G+C Gram positive

Answer 19

(More than 50% G+C in the phylum)
Corynebacterium
Mycobacterium
Actinomycetes
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Streptomyces

Question 20

Gram negative probacteria

Answer 20

(Largest & most diverse group)
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon

Question 21

Other gram negative bacteria

Answer 21

Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Bacteroids

Question 22

Chlamydias

Answer 22

Small, cocci, grow & reproduce only in cells of mammals, birds and a few invertibrates

• lack peptidoglycan
• cause STDs, neonatal blindness, pneumonia

Question 23

Spirochetes

Answer 23

Helical bacteria, move with axial filaments in a corkscrew type motion, diverse habitats

Question 24

Bacteroids

Answer 24

Obligate anaerobe rod shaped bacteria, normally in digestive tract of animals (including humans), digest cellulosecan cause infections