11. Characterizing And Classifying Prokaryotes Flashcards
_____ grouped bacteria into 3 domains.
______,______,____
Woese
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Modern classification of prokaryotes based on ____
rRNA
6 basic shapes of prokaryotic cells
Coccus Coccobacillus Bacillus Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete Pleomorphic
3 main methods of reproduction of prokaryotes
ALL PRODUCE ASEXUALLY
Binary fission (most common)
Snapping division
Budding
Archaea reproduce by:
___,___,or___
Binary fission
Budding
Fragmentation
Common features of microbes of archaea
Different then bacteria
- Lack true peptidoglycan cell wall
- Membrane lipids branched or ring form hydrocarbons
- Start codon AUG=methionine
Two phyla of Archaea
Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Archaea are not known to cause disease.
T/F?
True
Most archaea actually live in moderate conditions.
T/F?
True
Extremophile
Extreme temperature, pH, or salinity
Thermopiles (like it hot)
Halophiles (like it salty)
2 kinds of extremophiles
Thermopiles
Halophiles
Thermophile
Prokaryotes who do not function properly at temperatures lower than 45•C
Hyperthermophiles
Prokaryotes that require temperatures over 80•C
Halophiles
Organisms that inhabit extremely saline habitats
Ex) Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake
Methanogens
Obligate anaerobes that convert CO2, H2, and organic acids into methane gas (CH4).
Largest known group of archaea
(In Euryarchaeota)
Major groups of bacteria
Deeply branching Phototrophic bacteria Low G+C Gram positive High G+C Gram positive Gram negative proteobacteria Other gram negatives
Deeply branching bacteria
rRNA sequences and growth characteristics appear the organisms are similar to earliest or branched off the “tree” at an early stage
Phototrophic bacteria
Acquire energy from light using pigments, many also autotrophic
-5 groups
Cyanobacteria, chlorobi, chloroflexi, purple sulfur, purple non sulfur
Low G+C Gram positive bacteria
Clostridia
Mycoplasmas
Other low G+C bacili and cocci
High G+C Gram positive
(More than 50% G+C in the phylum) Corynebacterium Mycobacterium Actinomycetes Actinomyces Nocardia Streptomyces
Gram negative probacteria
(Largest & most diverse group) Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon
Other gram negative bacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Bacteroids
Chlamydias
Small, cocci, grow & reproduce only in cells of mammals, birds and a few invertibrates
- lack peptidoglycan
- cause STDs, neonatal blindness, pneumonia
Spirochetes
Helical bacteria, move with axial filaments in a corkscrew type motion, diverse habitats
Bacteroids
Obligate anaerobe rod shaped bacteria, normally in digestive tract of animals (including humans), digest cellulosecan cause infections
