18. Immune Disorders Flashcards
4 types of hypersensitivity
Type 1 (Immediate): allergy Type 2 (Cytotoxic): transfusion reactions Type 3 (immune complex mediated): rheumatoid arthritis Type 4 (delayed or cell mediated): graft rejection
Hypersensitivity
Any immune response against a foreign antigen that is beyond the norm
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Allergy
Type 2 hypersensitivity (Cytotoxic)
Cells are destroyed by an immune response typically through complement or antibodies
Ex) transfusion reactions
Type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex mediated)
Immune complexes are normally removed via phagocytosis
Occurs when these escape and be into tissues, joints, and organs
Ex) rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Type 4 hypersensitivity (delayed or cell mediated)
Antigens contact the skin or is recognized from a transplant organ, and provokes inflammation at the site after about 12-24 hours
Caused by interaction of antigens with antigen presenting cells and T cells.
Ex) graft rejection
Autoimmunity
When the immune system produces antibodies and/or cytotoxic T cells target normal body cells
Hypothesis for disease etiology
- female linked
- genetic factors
- environment
- exposure to normal but novel self antigens
- molecular mimicry
- failure of control
4 types of autoimmune disease that affect a single organ or cell type
Blood cells: anemia
Endocrine organs: type 1 diabetes
Nervous tissue: MS
Connective Tissue: rheumatoid arthritis
Immunodeficiency
When there are chronic defects in the immune system which allow for opportunistic pathogens to cause disease
Primary immunodeficiency
Detectable near birth and develop in children as a result of genetic or developmental defect
Acquired (secondary) immunodeficiency
Develop later in life as a direct consequence of some other cause
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
The presence of several opportunistic or rare infections along with infection by human immunodeficiency virus
