Bio 145 Quiz 7 (ch 14-15)

Question 0

The study of causation of disease

Answer 0

Etiology

Question 1

The total number of cases of a disease in a given area or population during a given period of time

Answer 1

Prevalence

Question 2

Resistance to pathogens conferred by barriers, chemicals, cells, and physiologic processes that remain unchanged upon subsequent infections with the same pathogens and is present at birth

Answer 2

Innate immunity

Question 3

A continuum of close associations between two or more organisms that ranges from mutually beneficial to associations where one member damages the other

Answer 3

Symbiosis

Question 4

Where an innate immune cell like a dendritic cell, squeezes between epithelial cells to exit the blood vessels to reach a pathogen

Answer 4

Diapedesis

Question 5

Type of endocytosis in which solids (inducing bacteria) are moved into a cell, also called “eating by a cell”

Answer 5

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Antibacterial enzyme found in sweat and tears

Answer 6

Lysozyme

Question 7

The study of occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease in humans

Answer 7

Epidemiology

Question 8

Resistance against pathogens that acts more effectively upon subsequent infections with the same pathogen or a vaccine, cell mediated, and is acquired over time

Answer 8

Adaptive immunity

Question 9

A type of symbiosis where the host is harmed, while the other organism derives benefit.
A) mutualism
B) commensalism
C) parasitism
D) zoonoses

Answer 9

C) parasitism

Question 10

Which of the following is not a characteristic of normal microbiota
A) can be acquired from the mother at birth
B) are dangerous and provide no benefit to humans
C) colonize areas like the skin and mucous membranes like in the gut and nasal passage
D) can become pathogenic if move to an unusual site of the body or patient is immune suppressed

Answer 10

B) are dangerous and provide no benefit to humans

Question 11

Virulence, or the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be impacted by which of the following traits, or virulence factors of bacteria?
A) extracellular enzymes, toxins, and antiphagocytic factors
B) symptoms, signs, syndromes
C) nosocomial, iatrogenic, idiopathic
D) incubation, illness, convalescence

Answer 11

A) extracellular enzymes, toxins, and antiphagocytic factors

Question 12

Vehicle transmission is one way pathogens spread and these vehicles include which of the following
A) aerosol
B) waterborne 
C) foodborne 
D) all of the above

Answer 12

D) all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the innate immune defense by the skin barrier?
A) physical structure of epidermis and dermis
B) sebum secretions lower skin pH
C) it is a simple and ineffective defense to pathogens
D) sweat may contain antimicrobial peptides and salts that alter osmotic pressure

Answer 13

C) it is a simple and ineffective defense to pathogens

Question 14

What is the correct sequence of the stages of phagocytosis?
A) elimination, adherence, chemotaxis, ingestion, microbial killing
B) chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, microbial killing, elimination
C) adherence, killing, chemotaxis, ingestion, elimination
D) ingestion, killing, adherence, elimination, chemotaxis

Answer 14

B) chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, microbial killing, elimination

Question 15

Which of the following is not a non- specific chemical defense?
A) eosinophil
B) NOD
C) toll-like receptors
D) complement

Answer 15

A) eosinophil

Question 16

______ is a quick, short lived, beneficial, non-specific response to tissue damage by cuts, pathogens, etc., which results in elimination or resolution of the condition that caused it, typically exhibits symptoms of redness and swelling; while ______ can damage tissues and cause disease like ulcerative colitis
A) fever, pyrogens
B) innate immunity, adaptive immunity
C) acute inflammation, chronic inflammation
D) phagocytosis, complement

Answer 16

C) acute inflammation, chronic inflammation

Question 17

\_\_\_\_\_ is a type of cell that kills pathogens without phagocytosis by secreting antimicrobial chemical (especially parasitic worm infections) & use mitochondrial DNA against bacteria
A) plasma
B) eosinophil
C) natural killer lymphocyte 
D) platelet

Answer 17

B) eosinophil