12. Characterizing & Classifying Eukaryotes Flashcards
Ploidy
of chromosomes
4 reasons why eukaryotic reproduction is more complex than prokaryotic
- most of the DNA is packaged as chromosomes in the form of chromatin fibers in nuclei
- eukaryotes have variety of asexual reproduction
- many eukaryotes reproduce sexually with specialized cells called gametes
- some eukaryotes reproduce sexually & asexually (algae, fungi, some Protozoa)
4 phases of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Mitosis
Nuclear division resulting in two nuclei with the same ploidy as parent
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Tetrads
2 chromosomes physically associated together during prophase 1 and metaphase 1 of meiosis
Meiosis
Nuclear division of diploid eukaryotic cells resulting in four haploid nuclei
Meiosis 1, meiosis 2
Haploid
Nucleus with a single copy of each DNA
Diploid
Nucleus with two sets of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasmic division; typically takes place in telophase of mitosis
Schizogany
Special type of asexual reproduction where the protozoan plasmodium undergoes multiple mitosis to form a multinucleate schizont
Linnaeus grouped eukaryotes into two main groups: ___&___
Plantae
Animalia
Chromosomes
…
Nuclear division
Division of the nucleus
Mitosis & meiosis
Chromatids
…
Centromeres
…
Spindle
…
20th century accepted eukaryote taxonomy is: ___,_____,______,&____
Fungi
Protozoa
Plantae
Animalia
Three characteristics shared by all Protozoa
- all eukaryotic
- all unicellular
- Lack a cell wall
6 taxa of Protozoa
Parabesala Diplomonadida Euglenozoa Alveolates Rhizaria Amoebozoa
3 characteristics that distinguish fungi
- cell walls composed of chitin
- are chemoheterotrophic
- lack chlorophyll & do not perform photosynthesis
Morphology of fungi
___,___,&___
Thallus
Hyphae
Mycelium
4 major subgroups of fungi and classification criteria
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Duteromycetes
Lichen
Partnerships between fungi and photosynthetic microbes (usually Cyanobacteria or algae)
Algae
Simple, eukaryotic, phototrophic, organisms that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using clotophyll a
Groups of algae
Division chlorophyta
Kingdom rhodophyta
Phaeophyta
Chrysophyta
Why does microbiology include the study of worms and arthropods
Because of microscopic infective stages and diagnostic testing of blood, urine or fecal samples
Arthropod vectors
Animals that carry pathogens and have segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs
Arachnida & Insecta
Vectors
Ticks Mites Fleas Lice Mosquitos Kissing bugs
Crossing over
In late prophase 1 of Meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange sections of DNA in a random fashion
Results in recombinations of their DNA
