Bio Wk 18 Flashcards by Dexter D'

What are the 3 KINGDOMS of classification we have talked about last week & this week?

(HINT: 2 are from previous weeks)

Bacteria/Eubacteria

Archaea/Archaebacteria

Protista

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

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What are the 4 DOMAINS of Eukarya?

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

BONUS: What do the ALL have in common?

(no, the answer is not “They SUCK!”)

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“Trash Can” Kingdom

What are some characteristics of “animal-like” protists?

Heterotroph (means no chloroplasts)

Movement: zooflagellates (animal-like with flagella),

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KNOW THIS:

Ways to differentiate protists:

movement, reproduction, feeding tactics, …

Movement: flagella (zooflagellates), pseudopods (amoeba),

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2 Types of Reproduction:

Asexual

Sexual

Asexual: does not require eggs/sperm

Sexual reproduction: sperm & egg meet

BONUS: Which are more genetically diverse?

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Which reproduction has internal and external forms?

What is the difference?

Sexual reproduction,

external = fertilization occurs outside the body,

internal= fertilization occurs inside.

BONUS: What is fertilization?

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Tell me about amoeboids:

movement

reproduction

feeding

Amoeboids:

Movement: pseudopods

Reproduction: Asexual or sexual

Feeding: heterotroph

(BONUS: freeliving vs. parasitic)

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Ameoba’s 2 special vacuoles:

food vacuole: store food

contractile vacuole: stores ? (Slide #12)

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Tell me about the ameoba foraminiferans living in the ocean secreting CaCO3.

They are ameobas that have pseudopods,

with calcium carbonate “shells”,

move via pseudopods.

BONUS: What do they have to do with the

“White Cliffs” of Dover (England)

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How do ciliates differ from flagellates?

Ciliates have many “hair-like” projections

that typically surround the entire cell to move it,

vs. flagellates a few longer flagella.

BONUS: Google “flagellate” (/flogging)

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Ciliates have an “oral groove”

oral groove: indentation (like a mouth)

on side of ciliates with adjoining food vacuoles

that take nutrition to lysomes.

BONUS: Explain a lysome (lyso-/lysis- means to…)

Slide #15

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The job of a ciliate anal pore is:

The ciliate anal pore :

expels waster material of the cells

sent by food vacuoles.

BONUS: What does “moveable” digestive system mean?

Slide # 15

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Ciliates seem to have defense/distancing

mechanism called trichocysts ,

explains yo-self…

Trichocysts: long hollow hair-like structures

shooting out to form a protective barrier

Slide # 16

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What is a nucleus?

What is a macronucleus?

What is a micronucleus?

Nucleus: where genetic material for a cell is stored

Macronucleus: where original genetic material

is stored for a ciliate

Micronucleus: stores a copy of ciliate

macronucleus DNA for “work”/copying,

then divides via meiosis (NOT mitosis) #17

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Does a ciliate macro- or micro- nucleus

undergo meiosis?

What part of the ciliate is used to

“transfer” genetic material?

Ciliates’ micronucleus divides via meiosis so that it can use a copy of the genetic material to swap with another ciliate bia the anal groove.

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Name the 3rd group of Protozoans,

this animal-like protist in the

kingdom eukaryote is a parasite.

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Sporozoans

BONUS: What are the 2 other protozoans other than sporozoans?

The infectious stage of a sporozoan

is in the form of a sporo_____.

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sporozoite

What is a flagellate?

Giaridia is _______ .

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Flagellates have flagella,

whip-like structures used for mobility

Giarida is flagellate found in most all fresh

water streams.

BONUS: How do you clean water to

get rid of bacteria?

Are all protists pathogens?

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Nope. Some are helpful

(ex: trichonympha help termites digest wood)

Most plant-like protists have 2 characteristics:

_________
_________

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Most plant-like protists have 2 characteristics:

autotroph
cell walls

Protist 4 Groups:

euglenophytes-

chrysophytes-

diatoms-

dinoflagellates-

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euglenophytes- flagellates, no cell walls, chloroplasts with eyespot, autotrophic, binary fission, fresh water
chrysophytes- flagellates, cell walls (pectin), chloroplasts (golden), binary fission or external sexual reproduction
diatoms- unicellular, cell walls (silica), chloroplasts
dinoflagellates- flagellates x2, cell walls (cellulose)

If a protist has a flagella, would you

guess it was an autotroph or heterotroph?

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Protist with flagella typical use it

to move towards food, making it a _________ .

Red tide is an overgrowth of a plant-like

protist called ___________ .

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Red tide is from overgrowth of

dinoflagellates (2 flagella)

Phytoplankton are probably the most important

organisms on Earth, what are they?

And why are they important?

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Phytoplankton are unicellular protists that produce

a large amount of oxygen on Earth and in the oceans.

What are 2 examples of multicellular plant-like protists?

Multicellular plant-like protists: Seaweeds and algae.

Multicellular plant-like protists differ from real plants because real plants have _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .

**tissue differentiation** (BONUS: Whadafuk does that mean?)

Multicellular plant-like protists have 3 sections: holdfast stipe blade What are their purpose?

**holdfast:** looks like a root to hold onto ground **stipe:** the "stem-like" part **blade:** flat wide surface

Multicellular plant-like protists have 3 sections: **holdfast** **stipe** **blade** How are they similar and different than plant parts?

**holdfast:** like plant roots **stipe:** like plant stem **blade:** like plant leaf They differ because all cells throughout the protist can absorb nutrients and perform photosynthesis, unlike plants

What are the 3 types of plant-like protist **algae**?

Red, Brown, Green (BONUS: why are they different colors?)

What are **accessory pigments** in algae?

Different pigments similar to cholorphyll that allow the algae to absorb color wavelengths other than green.

The 3 types of plant-like protist algae Red, Brown, Green

**Red:** chlorophyll a & b + **phycobilins** (blue light) = live in deeper waters **Brown:** chlorphyll a & c + **fucoxanthin** (kelp) **Green:** chlorophyll a & b, (closest to mosses)

**Red:** phycobilins (blue light) allow this algae to live in ______ waters **Brown:** containt **fucoxanthin**, tell me about **kelp?** **Green:** is believed to be the protist closest to true plants because of it's similarity to _____ .

**Red:** phycobilins (blue light) allow this algae to live in **deeper** waters where blue light permeates. **Brown:** containt **fucoxanthin**, like kelp that can grow to 30 meters high with air bladders. **Green:** is believed to be the protist closest to true plants because of it's similarity to mosses .

Plant-like protists **green algae** are similar to real plants because of **alternation of generations** which describes ________ .

**alternation of generations** is when an organism exists as a diploid cell(s) AND haploid cell(s). (BONUS: explain diploid and haploid)

Seaweed product uses: **Algin** **Carrageenan** **Agar**

**Algin-** from [brown] kelp, stabilizer to keep foods creamy **Carrageenan-** from red algae, food thickener **Agar-** from red algae, jelly-like product (canning meats, petri dishes, filler, cosmetics)

Fungi-like protists are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ because they get nutrition from absorbing ______ . They differ from real fungi for 2 reasons, name them.

Fungi-like protists are **heterotrophic** because they get nutrition from absorbing **decaying matter**. They differ from real fungi for 2 reasons: 1. They lack **chitin**. 2. They have **centrioles** like animals

Fungi-like protists that live on land are called:

Fungi-like protists that live on land are called **slime molds.**

Slime mold combo move ! When slime molds join forces but retain their own cell boundary, they form _______ **slime molds**. When **slime molds** merge together they form _______ **slime molds** with many nuclei called ________ .

When slime molds join forces but retain their own cell boundary, they form **cellular slime molds**. When slime molds merge together they form **acellular** **slime molds** with many nuclei called **plasmodium**.

Fungi-like protist **slime molds** do not make flowers or seeds, but reproduce offspring via **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bodies** that release ______ .

Fungi-like protist **slime molds** do not make flowers or seeds, but reproduce offspring via **fruiting bodies** that release **spores**.

Fungi-like water protists are called ______ **molds.** They are found in water and can also be ______ to plants, such as during the Potato Famine in Ireland.

Fungi-like water protists are called **water** **molds.** They are found in water and can also be **parasitic** to plants, such as during the Potato Famine in Ireland.

Bio Wk 18 Flashcards

(39 cards)