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Biology 1 > Bio Wk 18 > Flashcards

Bio Wk 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 KINGDOMS of classification we have talked about last week & this week?

(HINT: 2 are from previous weeks)

A

Bacteria/Eubacteria

Archaea/Archaebacteria

Protista

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

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2
Q

What are the 4 DOMAINS of Eukarya?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

BONUS: What do the ALL have in common?

(no, the answer is not “They SUCK!”)

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3
Q

“Trash Can” Kingdom

What are some characteristics of “animal-like” protists?

A

Heterotroph (means no chloroplasts)

Movement: zooflagellates (animal-like with flagella),

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4
Q

KNOW THIS:

Ways to differentiate protists:

movement, reproduction, feeding tactics, …

A

Movement: flagella (zooflagellates), pseudopods (amoeba),

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5
Q

2 Types of Reproduction:

Asexual

Sexual

A

Asexual: does not require eggs/sperm

Sexual reproduction: sperm & egg meet

BONUS: Which are more genetically diverse?

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6
Q

Which reproduction has internal and external forms?

What is the difference?

A

Sexual reproduction,

external = fertilization occurs outside the body,

internal= fertilization occurs inside.

BONUS: What is fertilization?

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7
Q

Tell me about amoeboids:

movement

reproduction

feeding

A

Amoeboids:

Movement: pseudopods

Reproduction: Asexual or sexual

Feeding: heterotroph

(BONUS: freeliving vs. parasitic)

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8
Q

Ameoba’s 2 special vacuoles:

A

food vacuole: store food

contractile vacuole: stores ? (Slide #12)

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9
Q

Tell me about the ameoba foraminiferans living in the ocean secreting CaCO3.

A

They are ameobas that have pseudopods,

with calcium carbonate “shells”,

move via pseudopods.

BONUS: What do they have to do with the

“White Cliffs” of Dover (England)

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10
Q

How do ciliates differ from flagellates?

A

Ciliates have many “hair-like” projections

that typically surround the entire cell to move it,

vs. flagellates a few longer flagella.

BONUS: Google “flagellate” (/flogging)

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11
Q

Ciliates have an “oral groove”

A

oral groove: indentation (like a mouth)

on side of ciliates with adjoining food vacuoles

that take nutrition to lysomes.

BONUS: Explain a lysome (lyso-/lysis- means to…)

Slide #15

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12
Q

The job of a ciliate anal pore is:

A

The ciliate anal pore :

expels waster material of the cells

sent by food vacuoles.

BONUS: What does “moveable” digestive system mean?

Slide # 15

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13
Q

Ciliates seem to have defense/distancing

mechanism called trichocysts ,

explains yo-self…

A

Trichocysts: long hollow hair-like structures

shooting out to form a protective barrier

Slide # 16

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14
Q

What is a nucleus?

What is a macronucleus?

What is a micronucleus?

A

Nucleus: where genetic material for a cell is stored

Macronucleus: where original genetic material

is stored for a ciliate

Micronucleus: stores a copy of ciliate

macronucleus DNA for “work”/copying,

then divides via meiosis (NOT mitosis) #17

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15
Q

Does a ciliate macro- or micro- nucleus

undergo meiosis?

What part of the ciliate is used to

“transfer” genetic material?

A

Ciliates’ micronucleus divides via meiosis so that it can use a copy of the genetic material to swap with another ciliate bia the anal groove.

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16
Q

Name the 3rd group of Protozoans,

this animal-like protist in the

kingdom eukaryote is a parasite.

A

Sporozoans

BONUS: What are the 2 other protozoans other than sporozoans?

17
Q

The infectious stage of a sporozoan

is in the form of a sporo_____.

A

sporozoite

18
Q

What is a flagellate?

Giaridia is _______ .

A

Flagellates have flagella,

whip-like structures used for mobility

Giarida is flagellate found in most all fresh

water streams.

BONUS: How do you clean water to

get rid of bacteria?

19
Q

Are all protists pathogens?

A

Nope. Some are helpful

(ex: trichonympha help termites digest wood)

20
Q

Most plant-like protists have 2 characteristics:

  1. _________
  2. _________
A

Most plant-like protists have 2 characteristics:

  1. autotroph
  2. cell walls
21
Q

Protist 4 Groups:

euglenophytes-

chrysophytes-

diatoms-

dinoflagellates-

A
  1. euglenophytes- flagellates, no cell walls, chloroplasts with eyespot, autotrophic, binary fission, fresh water
  2. chrysophytes- flagellates, cell walls (pectin), chloroplasts (golden), binary fission or external sexual reproduction
  3. diatoms- unicellular, cell walls (silica), chloroplasts
  4. dinoflagellates- flagellates x2, cell walls (cellulose)
22
Q

If a protist has a flagella, would you

guess it was an autotroph or heterotroph?

A

Protist with flagella typical use it

to move towards food, making it a _________ .

23
Q

Red tide is an overgrowth of a plant-like

protist called ___________ .

A

Red tide is from overgrowth of

dinoflagellates (2 flagella)

24
Q

Phytoplankton are probably the most important

organisms on Earth, what are they?

And why are they important?

A

Phytoplankton are unicellular protists that produce

a large amount of oxygen on Earth and in the oceans.

25
Q

What are 2 examples of

multicellular plant-like protists?

A

Multicellular plant-like protists:

Seaweeds and algae.

26
Q

Multicellular plant-like protists differ

from real plants because

real plants have _______ _______ .

A

tissue differentiation

(BONUS: Whadafuk does that mean?)

27
Q

Multicellular plant-like protists have 3 sections:

holdfast

stipe

blade

What are their purpose?

A

holdfast: looks like a root to hold onto ground

stipe: the “stem-like” part

blade: flat wide surface

28
Q

Multicellular plant-like protists have 3 sections:

holdfast

stipe

blade

How are they similar and different than plant parts?

A

holdfast: like plant roots

stipe: like plant stem

blade: like plant leaf

They differ because all cells throughout the protist

can absorb nutrients and perform photosynthesis,

unlike plants

29
Q

What are the 3 types of plant-like protist algae?

A

Red, Brown, Green

(BONUS: why are they different colors?)

30
Q

What are accessory pigments in algae?

A

Different pigments similar to cholorphyll

that allow the algae to absorb

color wavelengths other than green.

31
Q

The 3 types of plant-like protist algae

Red, Brown, Green

A

Red: chlorophyll a & b + phycobilins (blue light) = live in deeper waters

Brown: chlorphyll a & c + fucoxanthin (kelp)

Green: chlorophyll a & b, (closest to mosses)

32
Q

Red: phycobilins (blue light) allow this algae to live in ______ waters

Brown: containt fucoxanthin, tell me about kelp?

Green: is believed to be the protist closest to true plants because of it’s similarity to _____ .

A

Red: phycobilins (blue light) allow this algae to live in deeper waters where blue light permeates.

Brown: containt fucoxanthin, like kelp that can grow to 30 meters high with air bladders.

Green: is believed to be the protist closest to true plants because of it’s similarity to mosses .

33
Q

Plant-like protists green algae are similar

to real plants because of alternation of generations

which describes ________ .

A

alternation of generations is when an organism exists

as a diploid cell(s) AND haploid cell(s).

(BONUS: explain diploid and haploid)

34
Q

Seaweed product uses:

Algin

Carrageenan

Agar

A

Algin- from [brown] kelp, stabilizer to keep foods creamy

Carrageenan- from red algae, food thickener

Agar- from red algae, jelly-like product (canning meats, petri dishes, filler, cosmetics)

35
Q

Fungi-like protists are _________

because they get nutrition from absorbing ______ .

They differ from real fungi for 2 reasons, name them.

A

Fungi-like protists are heterotrophic

because they get nutrition from absorbing

decaying matter.

They differ from real fungi for 2 reasons:

  1. They lack chitin.
  2. They have centrioles like animals
36
Q

Fungi-like protists that live on land are called:

A

Fungi-like protists that live on land

are called slime molds.

37
Q

Slime mold combo move !

When slime molds join forces but retain their own cell boundary, they form _______ slime molds.

When slime molds merge together they form _______ slime molds with many nuclei called ________ .

A

When slime molds join forces but retain their own cell boundary, they form cellular slime molds.

When slime molds merge together they form

acellular slime molds with

many nuclei called plasmodium.

38
Q

Fungi-like protist slime molds do not make

flowers or seeds, but reproduce offspring

via _______ bodies that release ______ .

A

Fungi-like protist slime molds do not make

flowers or seeds, but reproduce offspring

via fruiting bodies that release spores.

39
Q

Fungi-like water protists are called ______ molds.

They are found in water and can also be ______ to plants, such as during the Potato Famine in Ireland.

A

Fungi-like water protists are called water molds.

They are found in water and can also be parasitic

to plants, such as during the Potato Famine in Ireland.

Biology 1 (15 decks)

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