Bio Wk 18 Flashcards
What are the 3 KINGDOMS of classification we have talked about last week & this week?
(HINT: 2 are from previous weeks)
Bacteria/Eubacteria
Archaea/Archaebacteria
Protista
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
What are the 4 DOMAINS of Eukarya?
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
BONUS: What do the ALL have in common?
(no, the answer is not “They SUCK!”)
“Trash Can” Kingdom
What are some characteristics of “animal-like” protists?
Heterotroph (means no chloroplasts)
Movement: zooflagellates (animal-like with flagella),
KNOW THIS:
Ways to differentiate protists:
movement, reproduction, feeding tactics, …
Movement: flagella (zooflagellates), pseudopods (amoeba),
2 Types of Reproduction:
Asexual
Sexual
Asexual: does not require eggs/sperm
Sexual reproduction: sperm & egg meet
BONUS: Which are more genetically diverse?
Which reproduction has internal and external forms?
What is the difference?
Sexual reproduction,
external = fertilization occurs outside the body,
internal= fertilization occurs inside.
BONUS: What is fertilization?
Tell me about amoeboids:
movement
reproduction
feeding
Amoeboids:
Movement: pseudopods
Reproduction: Asexual or sexual
Feeding: heterotroph
(BONUS: freeliving vs. parasitic)
Ameoba’s 2 special vacuoles:
food vacuole: store food
contractile vacuole: stores ? (Slide #12)
Tell me about the ameoba foraminiferans living in the ocean secreting CaCO3.
They are ameobas that have pseudopods,
with calcium carbonate “shells”,
move via pseudopods.
BONUS: What do they have to do with the
“White Cliffs” of Dover (England)
How do ciliates differ from flagellates?
Ciliates have many “hair-like” projections
that typically surround the entire cell to move it,
vs. flagellates a few longer flagella.
BONUS: Google “flagellate” (/flogging)
Ciliates have an “oral groove”
oral groove: indentation (like a mouth)
on side of ciliates with adjoining food vacuoles
that take nutrition to lysomes.
BONUS: Explain a lysome (lyso-/lysis- means to…)
Slide #15
The job of a ciliate anal pore is:
The ciliate anal pore :
expels waster material of the cells
sent by food vacuoles.
BONUS: What does “moveable” digestive system mean?
Slide # 15
Ciliates seem to have defense/distancing
mechanism called trichocysts ,
explains yo-self…
Trichocysts: long hollow hair-like structures
shooting out to form a protective barrier
Slide # 16
What is a nucleus?
What is a macronucleus?
What is a micronucleus?
Nucleus: where genetic material for a cell is stored
Macronucleus: where original genetic material
is stored for a ciliate
Micronucleus: stores a copy of ciliate
macronucleus DNA for “work”/copying,
then divides via meiosis (NOT mitosis) #17
Does a ciliate macro- or micro- nucleus
undergo meiosis?
What part of the ciliate is used to
“transfer” genetic material?
Ciliates’ micronucleus divides via meiosis so that it can use a copy of the genetic material to swap with another ciliate bia the anal groove.
Name the 3rd group of Protozoans,
this animal-like protist in the
kingdom eukaryote is a parasite.
Sporozoans
BONUS: What are the 2 other protozoans other than sporozoans?
The infectious stage of a sporozoan
is in the form of a sporo_____.
sporozoite
What is a flagellate?
Giaridia is _______ .
Flagellates have flagella,
whip-like structures used for mobility
Giarida is flagellate found in most all fresh
water streams.
BONUS: How do you clean water to
get rid of bacteria?
Are all protists pathogens?
Nope. Some are helpful
(ex: trichonympha help termites digest wood)
Most plant-like protists have 2 characteristics:
- _________
- _________
Most plant-like protists have 2 characteristics:
- autotroph
- cell walls
Protist 4 Groups:
euglenophytes-
chrysophytes-
diatoms-
dinoflagellates-
- euglenophytes- flagellates, no cell walls, chloroplasts with eyespot, autotrophic, binary fission, fresh water
- chrysophytes- flagellates, cell walls (pectin), chloroplasts (golden), binary fission or external sexual reproduction
- diatoms- unicellular, cell walls (silica), chloroplasts
- dinoflagellates- flagellates x2, cell walls (cellulose)
If a protist has a flagella, would you
guess it was an autotroph or heterotroph?
Protist with flagella typical use it
to move towards food, making it a _________ .
Red tide is an overgrowth of a plant-like
protist called ___________ .
Red tide is from overgrowth of
dinoflagellates (2 flagella)
Phytoplankton are probably the most important
organisms on Earth, what are they?
And why are they important?
Phytoplankton are unicellular protists that produce
a large amount of oxygen on Earth and in the oceans.
What are 2 examples of
multicellular plant-like protists?
Multicellular plant-like protists:
Seaweeds and algae.
Multicellular plant-like protists differ
from real plants because
real plants have _______ _______ .
tissue differentiation
(BONUS: Whadafuk does that mean?)
Multicellular plant-like protists have 3 sections:
holdfast
stipe
blade
What are their purpose?
holdfast: looks like a root to hold onto ground
stipe: the “stem-like” part
blade: flat wide surface
Multicellular plant-like protists have 3 sections:
holdfast
stipe
blade
How are they similar and different than plant parts?
holdfast: like plant roots
stipe: like plant stem
blade: like plant leaf
They differ because all cells throughout the protist
can absorb nutrients and perform photosynthesis,
unlike plants
What are the 3 types of plant-like protist algae?
Red, Brown, Green
(BONUS: why are they different colors?)
What are accessory pigments in algae?
Different pigments similar to cholorphyll
that allow the algae to absorb
color wavelengths other than green.
The 3 types of plant-like protist algae
Red, Brown, Green
Red: chlorophyll a & b + phycobilins (blue light) = live in deeper waters
Brown: chlorphyll a & c + fucoxanthin (kelp)
Green: chlorophyll a & b, (closest to mosses)
Red: phycobilins (blue light) allow this algae to live in ______ waters
Brown: containt fucoxanthin, tell me about kelp?
Green: is believed to be the protist closest to true plants because of it’s similarity to _____ .
Red: phycobilins (blue light) allow this algae to live in deeper waters where blue light permeates.
Brown: containt fucoxanthin, like kelp that can grow to 30 meters high with air bladders.
Green: is believed to be the protist closest to true plants because of it’s similarity to mosses .
Plant-like protists green algae are similar
to real plants because of alternation of generations
which describes ________ .
alternation of generations is when an organism exists
as a diploid cell(s) AND haploid cell(s).
(BONUS: explain diploid and haploid)
Seaweed product uses:
Algin
Carrageenan
Agar
Algin- from [brown] kelp, stabilizer to keep foods creamy
Carrageenan- from red algae, food thickener
Agar- from red algae, jelly-like product (canning meats, petri dishes, filler, cosmetics)
Fungi-like protists are _________
because they get nutrition from absorbing ______ .
They differ from real fungi for 2 reasons, name them.
Fungi-like protists are heterotrophic
because they get nutrition from absorbing
decaying matter.
They differ from real fungi for 2 reasons:
- They lack chitin.
- They have centrioles like animals
Fungi-like protists that live on land are called:
Fungi-like protists that live on land
are called slime molds.
Slime mold combo move !
When slime molds join forces but retain their own cell boundary, they form _______ slime molds.
When slime molds merge together they form _______ slime molds with many nuclei called ________ .
When slime molds join forces but retain their own cell boundary, they form cellular slime molds.
When slime molds merge together they form
acellular slime molds with
many nuclei called plasmodium.
Fungi-like protist slime molds do not make
flowers or seeds, but reproduce offspring
via _______ bodies that release ______ .
Fungi-like protist slime molds do not make
flowers or seeds, but reproduce offspring
via fruiting bodies that release spores.
Fungi-like water protists are called ______ molds.
They are found in water and can also be ______ to plants, such as during the Potato Famine in Ireland.
Fungi-like water protists are called water molds.
They are found in water and can also be parasitic
to plants, such as during the Potato Famine in Ireland.
