Bio Week 9

Question 1

Genetics is the study of heredity.

Heredity is:

Answer 1

Heredity is the passing of traits.

BONUS: What are traits?

Question 2

Difference between phenotype and genotype?

Answer 2

Phenotype is the trait we can see/observe.

Genotype is the genetic combination (dominant or recessive)

BONUS: Explain Dominant vs. Recessive

Question 3

The Father of Genetics, Gregor Mendel, studied pea pea’s :P

He would combine the gametes of 2 pea plants (parents)

to get “children” and “grandchildren”.

How do we label these generations?

Answer 3

F1 generation & F2 generation

Question 4

The “directions” for how you are “built”

is coded in _____ .

Which can be found in the _________ of the cell.

Answer 4

DNA / genes

nucleus

Question 5

There are ____ chromosomes total,

or ______ pairs of chromosome.

Answer 5

46 total

23 pairs

Question 6

When a cell has a FULL set of chromosomes,

it has _____ pairs.

This is called __ploid cell

Answer 6

23 pairs

diploid

Question 7

When a cell only has half the number of chromosomes,

it has ____ chromosomes.

These cells are not called diploid, they are called _______ .

Answer 7

haploid

Question 8

What is an allele? Where does it come from?

Answer 8

Part of a gene that forms of a trait or phenotype, the directions on what the product/creature will look like. Remember JEANS?

BONUS: How many alleles are used to determine each phenotype?

Question 9

Explain what a genotype is.

Answer 9

The gene/genetic combination of 2 alleles

that form a phenotype (physical trait).

BONUS: Explain homozygous and heterozygous.

Question 10

If someone told you that you were homozygous for a trait,

does that tell you if you express it or not?

Answer 10

No, because you could be homozygous for recessive or dominant.

Question 11

If one parent was homozygous dominant,

and the other parent was homozygous recessive.

What would the genotype percent(s) be for the offspring (children) ?

Question 12

What would be the genotype for round yellow peas?

Answer 12

HINT: We’re talking about TWO traits!

Question 13

The Law of Independent Assortment states

Answer 13

Different traits have their own genes

• Different traits are inherited independently*.
  (ie. they’re not sharing alleles)

Question 14

Incomplete dominance is

Answer 14

When neither of 2 phenotypes is dominant

and the offspring share a bit of each parent.

Question 15

What is codominance?

Answer 15

When both forms of the phenotype are seen in offspring.

Question 16

True or False:

Multiple alleles means the creature carries more than 2 alleles.

Answer 16

FALSE!

Creatures can ONLY carry 2 alleles.

Multiple alleles means that there are more than 2 forms of a trait

in a population. (think fur color or eye color)

Question 17

Polygenic traits gives us a large range of skin color.

What does polygenic trait mean?

Answer 17

poly- many

genic- genes/genetic

Question 18

Sexually reproducing creatures all have ___ chromosome pairs,

and each pair carries the alleles that match phenotype alleles.

These “pairs” of similar genes are called _________ chromosomes.

Answer 18

23 pairs

homologous chromosomes ( homo- means the same)

Question 19

Somatic cells (differentiated cells of the body)

make exact copies of themselves when they divide.

The divide via a process called _______ ,

which gives them _______ chromosomes.

Answer 19

(THINK! HINT: normal cell division)

Question 20

What is the difference between a diploid and haploid cell?

Give an example or each.

How do they form?

Answer 20

diploid = 46 chromosomes, haploid = 23 chromosomes

Any cell in the body except gametes/sex cells/sperms and eggs.

diploid = mitosis,

haploid = meiosis (cell division splitting alleles/homologous chromosomes)

Question 21

When two haploid cells combine,

they form a diploid cell called a _______ (think lil’ baby).

This process (of makin’ lil’ babies) is called ___________.

Answer 21

zygote

fertilization

Question 22

The reproductive organs in sexually reproducing creatures are called _______ .

Inside of them are _________ cells

called ____ in males and _______ in females.

Answer 22

gonads

germ which are sex cells which are gametes

sperm and eggs

Question 23

During meiosis I the diploid germ cell

goes from 46 chromosomes to ______ making it a __ploid cell.

The chromosomes in this __ploid cell is not identical to the parent cell

because of ________ ______ .

Answer 23

23

haploid

crossing over (exchanging alleles)

Question 24

Where are germ cells found?

Answer 24

Germ cells are reproductive cells in

the female ovaries and male testes.