Bio Week 9 Flashcards
Genetics is the study of heredity.
Heredity is:
Heredity is the passing of traits.
BONUS: What are traits?
Difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype is the trait we can see/observe.
Genotype is the genetic combination (dominant or recessive)
BONUS: Explain Dominant vs. Recessive
The Father of Genetics, Gregor Mendel, studied pea pea’s :P
He would combine the gametes of 2 pea plants (parents)
to get “children” and “grandchildren”.
How do we label these generations?
F1 generation & F2 generation
The “directions” for how you are “built”
is coded in _____ .
Which can be found in the _________ of the cell.
DNA / genes
nucleus
There are ____ chromosomes total,
or ______ pairs of chromosome.
46 total
23 pairs
When a cell has a FULL set of chromosomes,
it has _____ pairs.
This is called __ploid cell
23 pairs
diploid
When a cell only has half the number of chromosomes,
it has ____ chromosomes.
These cells are not called diploid, they are called _______ .
haploid
What is an allele? Where does it come from?
Part of a gene that forms of a trait or phenotype, the directions on what the product/creature will look like. Remember JEANS?
BONUS: How many alleles are used to determine each phenotype?
Explain what a genotype is.
The gene/genetic combination of 2 alleles
that form a phenotype (physical trait).
BONUS: Explain homozygous and heterozygous.
If someone told you that you were homozygous for a trait,
does that tell you if you express it or not?
No, because you could be homozygous for recessive or dominant.
If one parent was homozygous dominant,
and the other parent was homozygous recessive.
What would the genotype percent(s) be for the offspring (children) ?
What would be the genotype for round yellow peas?
HINT: We’re talking about TWO traits!
The Law of Independent Assortment states
Different traits have their own genes
- Different traits are inherited independently*.
(ie. they’re not sharing alleles)
Incomplete dominance is
When neither of 2 phenotypes is dominant
and the offspring share a bit of each parent.
What is codominance?
When both forms of the phenotype are seen in offspring.
True or False:
Multiple alleles means the creature carries more than 2 alleles.
FALSE!
Creatures can ONLY carry 2 alleles.
Multiple alleles means that there are more than 2 forms of a trait
in a population. (think fur color or eye color)
Polygenic traits gives us a large range of skin color.
What does polygenic trait mean?
poly- many
genic- genes/genetic
Sexually reproducing creatures all have ___ chromosome pairs,
and each pair carries the alleles that match phenotype alleles.
These “pairs” of similar genes are called _________ chromosomes.
23 pairs
homologous chromosomes ( homo- means the same)
Somatic cells (differentiated cells of the body)
make exact copies of themselves when they divide.
The divide via a process called _______ ,
which gives them _______ chromosomes.
(THINK! HINT: normal cell division)
What is the difference between a diploid and haploid cell?
Give an example or each.
How do they form?
diploid = 46 chromosomes, haploid = 23 chromosomes
Any cell in the body except gametes/sex cells/sperms and eggs.
diploid = mitosis,
haploid = meiosis (cell division splitting alleles/homologous chromosomes)
When two haploid cells combine,
they form a diploid cell called a _______ (think lil’ baby).
This process (of makin’ lil’ babies) is called ___________.
zygote
fertilization
The reproductive organs in sexually reproducing creatures are called _______ .
Inside of them are _________ cells
called ____ in males and _______ in females.
gonads
germ which are sex cells which are gametes
sperm and eggs
During meiosis I the diploid germ cell
goes from 46 chromosomes to ______ making it a __ploid cell.
The chromosomes in this __ploid cell is not identical to the parent cell
because of ________ ______ .
23
haploid
crossing over (exchanging alleles)
Where are germ cells found?
Germ cells are reproductive cells in
the female ovaries and male testes.
