Bio Week 8

Question 1

Your body is made up of approximately:

35,000,000,000,000.

We’re not made of 1 giant cell because:

DNA limits, materials exchange

A few large cell get around this by having multiple nuclei (ie. amoeba)

Question 2

As a cell grows in size, which grows bigger faster:

A. Surface area

B. Volume

Answer 2

Volume

(Surface Area to Volume ratio)

Question 3

In cell division, what is a daughter cell?

Answer 3

The 2 cells that are created from 1 parent cell dividing into 2.

BONUS: Are the daughters a mix of genetics or exact copies?

Question 4

Name the 3 points of Cell Theory (original rules for cells):

Answer 4

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are basic units of life for structure & function
3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 5

Cell Cycle:

Question 6

The “blueprint” of a cell is __ __ __ ,

which is loosely floating in the nucleus attached as _________ ,

attached to ________ proteins.

This blueprint becomes tightly packed & organized as ________ just before reproduction.

Answer 6

DNA

chromatin

histone

chromosomes

Question 7

Describe a double helix shape.
Give an example foudn inside a cell.

Answer 7

A twisted ladder.

Example: DNA

Question 8

Tightly packed chromatin forms ____________ ,

which vary in number between species.

Answer 8

Chromosome-a-bro

CHROMO-BONUS: How many chromosomes do humans have?

Question 9

When the chromatin tightens up into a chromosome,

there are 2 halves called __________ ,

joined in the center by the ___________ .

Answer 9

chromatid

centromere

So the DNA has 2 copies (chromatid) stuck together at the centromere.

Question 10

Name the 2 main phases to the cell cycle (the green & red arrow)

Answer 10

Interphase: cell growth, cell functions, DNA duplication, protein synthesis

Mitosis: replication

Question 11

Explain the 3 parts of interphase include:

G1:

S:

G2:

Answer 11

G1: normal function (what are they?), growing size, new organelles

S: DNA knotted mess started to replicate

G2: cell division proteins created

Question 12

Mitosis is the stage where the cell ____________ .

The 4 stages are:

Answer 12

Divides

P-MAT

Question 13

Prophase: 4 big steps ! ! !

1. Stringy chromatin tighten into ______ .
2. Two _______ appear in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.
3. # 2 develop “fingers” reaching out to the DNA called ________ .
4. The nucleus has 3 components, what 2 disappear (not DNA).

Answer 13

1. Stringy chromatin tighten into chromosomes.
2. Two centrioles appear in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.
3. # 2 develop “fingers” reaching out to the DNA called spindles (fiber).
4. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear (not DNA).

Question 14

Metaphase in the Middle:

What happens during this stage?

Answer 14

The chromosomes line up in the middle and the

centrioles attach to centromere.

Question 15

Anaphase : WTF happens here?

Answer 15

Centrioles tear apart the 2 copies of the genes (chromatids)

& pulls it towards opposite ends.

Question 16

When does anaphase end?

Answer 16

When the centrioles stop pulling and the chromatids stop moving.

Question 17

Telophase:

What are the 4 events?

Answer 17

Spindles disappear.

Chromosomes unwind to chromatin.

Nuclear envelope reappears.

Cell membrane pinches off.

Question 18

Name the stages of cell division:

Answer 18

Question 19

Name the stages of cell division:

Answer 19

Question 20

Name the stages of cell division:

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer your mum’s questions about cell division:

Question 22

Name the stages of cell division:

Answer 22

Question 23

CYTOKINESIS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

When what why?

Answer 23

When: Happens along with telophase,

What: Cytoplasm divides between the 2 new daughter cells.

Why? Why god why!?!?: To create 2 cells out of 1 parent cell.

BONUS: How is this different then sexual reproduction?

Question 24

What are 2 big differences with plant and animal cell division?

Answer 24

No centrioles in plants (just spindles) .

Cell plate (occurs during telokinesis) forms in plants to create the cell wall.

Question 25

Name 4 cells that can NOT divide.

Answer 25

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Cardiac (heart) cells

Skeletal muscle

Question 26

Name cells that CAN divide.

Answer 26

Esophagus, intestines, skin/dermis

Question 27

Proteins control most aspects of cell reproduction.

What protein was discovered in 1980 that initiates spindle development?

Answer 27

cyclin