Bio Week 8 Flashcards
Your body is made up of approximately:
35,000,000,000,000.
We’re not made of 1 giant cell because:
DNA limits, materials exchange
A few large cell get around this by having multiple nuclei (ie. amoeba)
As a cell grows in size, which grows bigger faster:
A. Surface area
B. Volume
Volume
(Surface Area to Volume ratio)
In cell division, what is a daughter cell?
The 2 cells that are created from 1 parent cell dividing into 2.
BONUS: Are the daughters a mix of genetics or exact copies?
Name the 3 points of Cell Theory (original rules for cells):
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are basic units of life for structure & function
- New cells are produced from existing cells
Cell Cycle:
The “blueprint” of a cell is __ __ __ ,
which is loosely floating in the nucleus attached as _________ ,
attached to ________ proteins.
This blueprint becomes tightly packed & organized as ________ just before reproduction.
DNA
chromatin
histone
chromosomes
Describe a double helix shape.
Give an example foudn inside a cell.
A twisted ladder.
Example: DNA
Tightly packed chromatin forms ____________ ,
which vary in number between species.
Chromosome-a-bro
CHROMO-BONUS: How many chromosomes do humans have?
When the chromatin tightens up into a chromosome,
there are 2 halves called __________ ,
joined in the center by the ___________ .
chromatid
centromere
So the DNA has 2 copies (chromatid) stuck together at the centromere.
Name the 2 main phases to the cell cycle (the green & red arrow)
Interphase: cell growth, cell functions, DNA duplication, protein synthesis
Mitosis: replication
Explain the 3 parts of interphase include:
G1:
S:
G2:
G1: normal function (what are they?), growing size, new organelles
S: DNA knotted mess started to replicate
G2: cell division proteins created
Mitosis is the stage where the cell ____________ .
The 4 stages are:
Divides
P-MAT
Prophase: 4 big steps ! ! !
- Stringy chromatin tighten into ______ .
- Two _______ appear in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.
- # 2 develop “fingers” reaching out to the DNA called ________ .
- The nucleus has 3 components, what 2 disappear (not DNA).
- Stringy chromatin tighten into chromosomes.
- Two centrioles appear in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.
- # 2 develop “fingers” reaching out to the DNA called spindles (fiber).
- The nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear (not DNA).
Metaphase in the Middle:
What happens during this stage?
The chromosomes line up in the middle and the
centrioles attach to centromere.
Anaphase : WTF happens here?
Centrioles tear apart the 2 copies of the genes (chromatids)
& pulls it towards opposite ends.
When does anaphase end?
When the centrioles stop pulling and the chromatids stop moving.
Telophase:
What are the 4 events?
Spindles disappear.
Chromosomes unwind to chromatin.
Nuclear envelope reappears.
Cell membrane pinches off.
Name the stages of cell division:
Name the stages of cell division:
Name the stages of cell division:
Answer your mum’s questions about cell division:
Name the stages of cell division:
CYTOKINESIS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
When what why?
When: Happens along with telophase,
What: Cytoplasm divides between the 2 new daughter cells.
Why? Why god why!?!?: To create 2 cells out of 1 parent cell.
BONUS: How is this different then sexual reproduction?
What are 2 big differences with plant and animal cell division?
No centrioles in plants (just spindles) .
Cell plate (occurs during telokinesis) forms in plants to create the cell wall.
Name 4 cells that can NOT divide.
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Cardiac (heart) cells
Skeletal muscle
Name cells that CAN divide.
Esophagus, intestines, skin/dermis
Proteins control most aspects of cell reproduction.
What protein was discovered in 1980 that initiates spindle development?
cyclin
