Bio Week 12 Flashcards
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What is the difference between
a gene and a genome?
Gene is a genetic code for a particular trait,
genome is the full set of genetic information
stored in an organism’s DNA.
What are the phases of mitosis?
PMAT
Describe what a karyotype is.
Image of 23 chromosome pairs (diploids) together,
arranged from largest to smallest.
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes
are called __________ .
autosomes
Which # pair of chromosomes are
the sex chromosomes?
23
BONUS: Which gender is dominant & recessive?
Explain what happens to the #23 chromosomes
during mitosis vs. meiosis
Mitosis: both chromosomes replicate and the new daughter cell ends up with an exact pair of the original #23 chromosomes.
Meiosis: #23 replicates to form 2 daughter cells,
but then the daughter cells divide again without replicating, dividing the 2 sex chromosomes into different germ cells (haploid).
Which parent’s genes determine the
gender of the offspring?
The father (with his Y chromosome)
Dominant or recessive phenotype,
depend on the ___________ .
HINT: It rhymes.
If neither of the genes/alleles in a diploid are
dominant or recessive, and both are seen in the
offspring, it is called ___________ .
codominance
BONUS: What are multiple alleles?
What are sex linked genes?
Any gene found on the sex chromosomes #23
Explain why more males
than females are colorblind.
(1 in 12 males ! )
HINT: It is an X recessive gene.
What does it mean to be a “Carrier” ?
In genes, it means you have the gene,
but do not express the phenotype.
BONUS: What does this mean
for diseases, like COVID?
What effect do Barr Bodies have on
our genotype and phenotype?
Barr Bodies do not change the genotype,
but can turn it on/off. So Barr Bodies can
change what phenotype is expressed.
Name 3 generations of your pedigree.
Grandma Jan/FM or Kiki
Mom & Dad
Dexter
Does this chart show a genotype on
an autosome or a sex chromosome?
HINT: What does a heterozygous male
mean for a genotype?
Where can you find hemoglobin?
WTF do they do?
Hemoglobin are found in red blood cells
(RBC represent!)
It’s a protein that carries oxygen ALL over the body.
BONUS: What is sickle cell anemia?
Cystic fibrosis is a gene deletion mutation.
What is “deleted” ?
3 base pairs, which means
an entire protein is omitted from cells.
(in this case the deleted protein affects cell walls)
Explain what the mutation means
& match it to it’s disease
Substitution mutation Cystic Fibrosis
Deletion mutation Huntington’s Disease
Insertion mutation Sickle Cell
Substitution mutation is subbed base pair(s)
= Sickle Cell
Deletion mutation is deleted base pair(s)
= Cystic Fibrosis
Insertion mutation is inserted base pair(s)
= Huntington’s Disease
What are the 2 main types of mutations in genetics?
Gene mutations
&
chromosome mutations
BONUS: Which one occurs during mitosis and meiosis?
What is non-disjunction?
HINT: It can occur during either meiosis division.
Non-disjunction is when the chromosome pairs
fail to separate during either division in meiosis
What is the most common form
of chromosome mutation ?
Trisomy 21
Down’s Syndrome
BONUS: Tell me about Turner’s syndrome.
In Klinefelter’s syndrome, the person has
a “Y” chromosome + more than one “X” chromosome.
Which of the major 2 types of genetic mutations is this?
HINT: Gene mutation or chromosomal mutation.
