Bio Week 12 Flashcards
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What is the difference between
a gene and a genome?
Gene is a genetic code for a particular trait,
genome is the full set of genetic information
stored in an organism’s DNA.
What are the phases of mitosis?
PMAT
Describe what a karyotype is.
Image of 23 chromosome pairs (diploids) together,
arranged from largest to smallest.
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes
are called __________ .
autosomes
Which # pair of chromosomes are
the sex chromosomes?
23
BONUS: Which gender is dominant & recessive?
Explain what happens to the #23 chromosomes
during mitosis vs. meiosis
Mitosis: both chromosomes replicate and the new daughter cell ends up with an exact pair of the original #23 chromosomes.
Meiosis: #23 replicates to form 2 daughter cells,
but then the daughter cells divide again without replicating, dividing the 2 sex chromosomes into different germ cells (haploid).
Which parent’s genes determine the
gender of the offspring?
The father (with his Y chromosome)
Dominant or recessive phenotype,
depend on the ___________ .
HINT: It rhymes.
If neither of the genes/alleles in a diploid are
dominant or recessive, and both are seen in the
offspring, it is called ___________ .
codominance
BONUS: What are multiple alleles?
What are sex linked genes?
Any gene found on the sex chromosomes #23
Explain why more males
than females are colorblind.
(1 in 12 males ! )
HINT: It is an X recessive gene.
What does it mean to be a “Carrier” ?
In genes, it means you have the gene,
but do not express the phenotype.
BONUS: What does this mean
for diseases, like COVID?
What effect do Barr Bodies have on
our genotype and phenotype?
Barr Bodies do not change the genotype,
but can turn it on/off. So Barr Bodies can
change what phenotype is expressed.
Name 3 generations of your pedigree.
Grandma Jan/FM or Kiki
Mom & Dad
Dexter
Does this chart show a genotype on
an autosome or a sex chromosome?
HINT: What does a heterozygous male
mean for a genotype?