Bio Week 6b Flashcards
Enzymes are proteins.
Do you remember the lil’ guys that make proteins?
HINT: They can be floating around or attached to ER in cytoplasm,
and are also in the stroma of chloroplasts.
Ri
Ri
Ri
Ribosomes
NDAP+ , choooo choooo
What’s it do?
A carrier, it transports electrons around the chloroplast.
NADP+ picks up electrons from an atom.
When an atom loses an electron it becomes an _ _ _ .
When the NADP+ picks up an electron,
does the atom become postively or negatively charged?
ion (an atom with a negative or positive charge)
positive (it loses some negative charge when
the electron leaves making it more positive)
When NADP+ picks up 2 electrons and their “ticket” to board,
what does the NADP+ become?
NADH (the “ticket” is HYDROGEN, thus the “H”)
In a plant, what gives electrons excitement
so the cell can use the electrons for energy ?
Sunlight !
What type of things is the energy of NADPH spent on?
Building things the cell needs (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, etc)
BONUS: What does NADPH become when it spends it’s energy?
Is the Calvin Cycle light dependent or light independent?
Light INDEPENDENT
Does the light dependent or light independent process of photosynthesis
produce oxygen ?
Light dependent.
Does the light dependent or light independent process of photosynthesis
produce glucose ?
Light independent (Calvin cycle)
Two ingredients of photosynthesis are _______ .
Photosynthese requires __________ .
Two products of photosynthesis are ________ .
The two reactions in photosynthesis are _________ .
Ingredients: CO2 and water
sunlight energy
glucose and O2
light dependent reaction and Calvin Cycle
Where does NADPH get it’s electrons and hydrogens from?
Electron transport train running through photosystem II.
Explain this pic
Light dependent reaction: Uses LIGHT and _____ .
Photosynthesis can’t start until :
Thylakoids make chloropyhll get their $h*t together
and organize into the _______ II .
H2O
photosystem II
Chloroplasts are filled with chlorophyll
that are organized in photosystem II by ________ .
When sun hits the organized photosystem II, electrons get EXCITED!
Excited electrons flee on the electron transport train
leaving the photosystem II __________ charged.
Positively
When chlorophyll in a photosystem II organization is exposed to sunlight,
it excites electrons sooo much they jump out of the system on the electron transport train.
The system becomes _________ charged, which pulls apart _____ molecules separating the atoms and sucking off electrons.
The system becomes positively charged, which pulls apart water molecules
separating the atoms and sucking off electrons.
When the photosystem II breaks up a water molecules,
what are the 3 products and what are done with them?
Electrons: pulled into the photosystem to replace excited electrons that left
Oxygen: Released into the atmosphere (YAY, we can breathe!)
Hydrogen: who knows what this shady mofo is up to ?
TRUE or FALSE:
Light dependent reactions requires water and affect photosystem II.
TRUE
When sunlight-excited electrons from photosystem II pack their bags and GTFO,
where do they go?
photosystem I
of course!
When sunlight-excited electrons from photosystem II pack their bags
and get on the electron transport train, they need that ticket
(remember what molecule?)
ANd they need to sit dafuk down & lose some energy.
What is that lost energy used for?
To transport H+ ions into the chloroplast.
BONUS: What is the massive amount of H+ ions used for?
(HINT: what comes in, must go out)
Excess energy from the electrons on the transport train
pulls H+ ions into the thylakoid building up concentration.
H+ want to get out of the thylakoid to the stroma to equalize (reach equilibrium).
What is their exit process as they shove their way out ?
H+ rushes through the ATP synthase enzyme gates,
which in turn energizes and bonds a phosphate to ADP
to create ______ .
H+ rushes through the ATP synthase enzyme gates
which energizes ATP synthase enough to bond another phosphate to ADP,
which becomes ATP. Adenosine triphosphate now holds a lot of energy.
What is ATP used for?
- ACTIVE TRANSPORT of molecules across the cell membrane,
- making proteins,
- lighting fireflies,
- reproducing new cells,
- releasing energy from sugar/glucose molecules,
- signalling cells..
Electrons lose some energy when they get on the electron transport train.
What is the next step that energizes them again?
When sunlight hits the electrons again in
photosystem I
Are photosystem II and photosystem I part of the:
light dependent reactions
or
Calvin Cycle
light dependent reactions
( it has the prefix “photo-“ duh! )
Electrons arriving to photosystem II train stop
become excited again by more sunlight.
In order to continue on the train, the excited electrons need to
calm down and get a ticket to ride.
What is the “ticket” and where does the energy go ?
The ticket is a “hydrogen” molecule
and their energy is put into storage in the bonding of H to change
NADP+ —–> NADPH
(do NOT confuse the electron transport train with the poo poo train !)
Soooooo, the light dependent reactions include
photosystem II and photosystem I .
What are 3 main products of the light dependent reactions?
O2
ATP
NADPH
Light dependent reactions of photosystem II and I create
oxygen, adenosine triphosphate, and NADPH.
What is the main product of Calvin cycle?
Glucose
The Calvin cycle does not get it’s energy to make glucose from the sun.
Where does it get it’s energy from?
ATP and NADPH ! !
Sir Calvin has a bunch of #__ carbon chains lying around.
It uses _ _ 2 to create a #__ carbon chain.
But this carbon chain breaks in half to a #___ carbon chain.
5
CO2
6
3
In the Calvin Cycle (not light dependent)
Leftover 3 carbon chains that do not make glucose, are recycled
back into #__ carbon chains to start the Calvin Cycle again.
ATP makes it into a 5 carbon chain again
and it’s kicked back into play to go around the Calvin Cycle again!
What 3 main factors influence photosynthesis ?
- Water (H2O) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Temperature
- Light intensity (and not because the sn is hot!)
- Water (H2O) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)
