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GR12 Alessandra's 1st Quarter > BIO|GENETIC ENGINEERING PROS AND CONS & GMO > Flashcards

BIO|GENETIC ENGINEERING PROS AND CONS & GMO Flashcards

1
Q

PROS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING (5)

A
  • Improved Crop Yield and
    Quality
  • Disease Resistance
  • Medical Advances
  • Research Tool
  • Environmental Benefits
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2
Q

CONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

A

Ethical Concerns

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3
Q
  • A field within applied ethics
  • explores the ethical, moral, and philosophical issues related to biology, medicine, and healthcare.
  • involves examining the ethical dilemmas and questions that arise from advancements in medical technology, scientific research, and healthcare practices.
A

BIOETHICS

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4
Q

CONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

A
  • Hazardous toxins used as biological weapons
  • GMO foods not independently tested could cause allergic reactions
  • Large-scale release of GM plants may disturb the ecological balance and environmental equilibrium
  • May have serious implications on humans
  • Gene transfer process mistakes
  • Careless handling of tools of genetic engineering
  • Careless handling of tools of genetic engineering
  • Animals fed by GM crops had abnormal young sperm
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5
Q

Genetic engineering of several organisms like botulinum toxin, neurotoxins, aflatoxins, etc.

A

Hazardous toxins used as biological weapons

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6
Q
  • Food must be approved so that the health of consumers will not be threatened
  • Based on a study Evaluation of Adverse Effects/Events of Genetically Modified Food Consumption: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies (Shen, C., Yin, XC., Jiao BY., et al., 2021)
  • GM consumption caused mortality, tumor/cancer, significant low fertility, decreased learning and reaction abilities, and some organ abnormalities
    = Suggests that labeling GM food is necessary so consumers can make their own choices
A

GMO foods not independently tested could cause allergic reactions

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7
Q

Parents opting for designer babies

A

May have serious implications on humans

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8
Q

Antibiotic resistance marker genes might get introduced to the bacteria which are pathogenic

A

Gene transfer process mistakes

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9
Q

May result to the escape of organism carrying recombinant DNA molecule from the laboratory into the natural environment

A

Careless handling of tools of genetic engineering

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10
Q

May result to a progeny with deformities

A

Insertion of a foreign gene into the incorrect site

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11
Q

Offspring

A

Progeny

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12
Q
  • Rats exposed to GM potatoes and soya had abnormal young sperm
  • Cow, goats, buffalo, pigs and other livestock grazing on Bt-maize and certain biotech corn showed complications
  • Early delivery, abortions, infertility, and death
A

Animals fed by GM crops had abnormal young sperm

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13
Q

what does BT stand for?

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

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14
Q

bacterium sa herbicide resistant

A

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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15
Q

gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A

5’-enolpyruvylshekimate-3’ phosphate synthase (EPSPS)

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16
Q

example of chemicals in herbicide resistant

A

glyphosate
phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan

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17
Q

bacterium sa insect resistant

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

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18
Q

toxin sng Bacillus thuringiensis

A

cry (crystal protein)

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19
Q

bacteria sa added nutrients

A

Erwinia Uredovorainto

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20
Q

gene from Erwinia Uredovorainto

A

phytoene desaturase

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21
Q

gene from daffodils

A

phytoene synthase (psy)

22
Q
  • Crops have been genetically modified
    example: Natural pesticide
    ________ are used for food security, before, selective breeding and artificial selection was used
A

Genetically Modified Organisms(GMO)

23
Q
  • Selected organisms with desirable traits then breeding them
  • Restricted to organisms that belong to the same species
A

Selective Breeding

24
Q

Compatible genetic basis is not necessary

A

Gene Transfer

25
Q

Was really popular in the market but was withdrawn due to unforeseen health concerns

A

Flavr Savr tomatoes have longer shelf life

26
Q
  • Precursor to vitamin A
  • Insertion to genes from a daffodil and soil bacteria
A

Golden rice has beta carotene

27
Q
  • Inserting a growth hormone gene from a from a Pacific Chinook Salmon
  • A promoter from an Ocean Pout
A

AquAdvantage Salmon is larger than normal salmons

28
Q
  • Genetically modifying pigs to grow organs that will not be rejected in transplantation in the human body
  • Alleviated organ shortage
A

Xenograph

29
Q

Human insulin gene was inserted into a bacteria which produced more insulin

A

biofarming

30
Q

GMO potential risk (5)(UUPEE)

A
  • Unforeseen Health Risks
  • Unintentional Exposure to Allergens
  • Possible Antibiotic Resistance
  • Ecological Imbalances
  • Ethical Concerns
31
Q

GMO fed lab rats showed indications of liver damage

A

Unforeseen Health Risks

32
Q
  • Transfer of genes from a bacteria to food may cause allergic reactions
  • No reports of serious allergies
A

Unintentional Exposure to Allergens

33
Q

Infections would be harder to treat

A

Possible Antibiotic Resistance

34
Q
  • GMOs will outgrow and compete with unmodified organisms
  • Superweed (herbicide resistance from a GM crop)
A

Ecological Imbalances

35
Q

Scientists are seen as playing god, creating unnatural organisms

A

Ethical Concerns

36
Q

GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS(6)

A
  • Herbicide Resistant
  • Insect Resistant
  • Have added nutrients
  • Pesticide Resistant
  • Drought tolerant
  • Extreme temperature tolerant
37
Q

Accomplished by inserting gene 5’-enolpyruvylshekimate-3’ phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A

Herbicide Resistant

38
Q

Identifying and isolating a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a toxin called cry

A

Insect Resistant

39
Q

Beta-carotene biosynthesis was done by inserting phytoene synthase (psy) from daffodils and phytoene desaturase gene from Erwinia Uredovorainto

A

Added Nutrients

40
Q

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS

A
  • Biomedical Research
  • Agriculture
  • Conservation
  • Biotechnology and Industry
  • Scientific Research
  • Drug Testing
41
Q
  • Animals serve as models for human diseases
  • Allows researchers to test potential treatments and gain insights into disease mechanisms
A

Biomedical Research

42
Q

Animals can be modified to improve their traits for food production

A

Agriculture

43
Q

Can be used in conservation efforts to help endangered species

A

Conservation

44
Q
  • Animals can be genetically modified to produce valuable biotechnology products
  • Insulin or growth hormones
A

Biotechnology and Industry

45
Q
  • Manipulating genes of animals allows us to understand how genes work and how they influence traits and behavior
A

Scientific Research

46
Q
  • GM animals can be used in drug testing and toxicity studies
A

Drug Testing

47
Q

GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROBES

A
  • Biotechnology and Industry
  • Medicine
  • Environmental Remediation
  • Agriculture
  • Biocontrol and Pest Management
48
Q

Microbes are used in production of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, biofuels, and specialty chemicals, etc.

A

Biotechnology and Industry

49
Q

Can be designed to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, and antibodies for medical applications

A

Medicine

50
Q

Some can be used to clean up pollution, degrade toxic substances, or assist in wastewater treatment

A

Environmental Remediation

51
Q
  • Used as biopesticides or biocontrol agents
  • Manage harmful pests and pathogens in agriculture
A

Biocontrol and Pest Management

GR12 Alessandra's 1st Quarter (22 decks)

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