BIO|GENETIC ENGINEERING PROS AND CONS & GMO

Question 1

PROS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING (5)

Answer 1

• Improved Crop Yield and
  Quality
• Disease Resistance
• Medical Advances
• Research Tool
• Environmental Benefits

Question 2

CONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

Answer 2

Ethical Concerns

Question 3

• A field within applied ethics
• explores the ethical, moral, and philosophical issues related to biology, medicine, and healthcare.
• involves examining the ethical dilemmas and questions that arise from advancements in medical technology, scientific research, and healthcare practices.

Answer 3

BIOETHICS

Question 4

CONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

Answer 4

• Hazardous toxins used as biological weapons
• GMO foods not independently tested could cause allergic reactions
• Large-scale release of GM plants may disturb the ecological balance and environmental equilibrium
• May have serious implications on humans
• Gene transfer process mistakes
• Careless handling of tools of genetic engineering
• Careless handling of tools of genetic engineering
• Animals fed by GM crops had abnormal young sperm

Question 5

Genetic engineering of several organisms like botulinum toxin, neurotoxins, aflatoxins, etc.

Answer 5

Hazardous toxins used as biological weapons

Question 6

• Food must be approved so that the health of consumers will not be threatened
• Based on a study Evaluation of Adverse Effects/Events of Genetically Modified Food Consumption: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies (Shen, C., Yin, XC., Jiao BY., et al., 2021)
• GM consumption caused mortality, tumor/cancer, significant low fertility, decreased learning and reaction abilities, and some organ abnormalities
  = Suggests that labeling GM food is necessary so consumers can make their own choices

Answer 6

GMO foods not independently tested could cause allergic reactions

Question 7

Parents opting for designer babies

Answer 7

May have serious implications on humans

Question 8

Antibiotic resistance marker genes might get introduced to the bacteria which are pathogenic

Answer 8

Gene transfer process mistakes

Question 9

May result to the escape of organism carrying recombinant DNA molecule from the laboratory into the natural environment

Answer 9

Careless handling of tools of genetic engineering

Question 10

May result to a progeny with deformities

Answer 10

Insertion of a foreign gene into the incorrect site

Question 11

Offspring

Answer 11

Progeny

Question 12

• Rats exposed to GM potatoes and soya had abnormal young sperm
• Cow, goats, buffalo, pigs and other livestock grazing on Bt-maize and certain biotech corn showed complications
• Early delivery, abortions, infertility, and death

Answer 12

Animals fed by GM crops had abnormal young sperm

Question 13

what does BT stand for?

Answer 13

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 14

bacterium sa herbicide resistant

Answer 14

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 15

gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 15

5’-enolpyruvylshekimate-3’ phosphate synthase (EPSPS)

Question 16

example of chemicals in herbicide resistant

Answer 16

glyphosate
phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan

Question 17

bacterium sa insect resistant

Answer 17

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 18

toxin sng Bacillus thuringiensis

Answer 18

cry (crystal protein)

Question 19

bacteria sa added nutrients

Answer 19

Erwinia Uredovorainto

Question 20

gene from Erwinia Uredovorainto

Answer 20

phytoene desaturase

Question 21

gene from daffodils

Answer 21

phytoene synthase (psy)

Question 22

• Crops have been genetically modified
  example: Natural pesticide
  ________ are used for food security, before, selective breeding and artificial selection was used

Answer 22

Genetically Modified Organisms(GMO)

Question 23

• Selected organisms with desirable traits then breeding them
• Restricted to organisms that belong to the same species

Answer 23

Selective Breeding

Question 24

Compatible genetic basis is not necessary

Answer 24

Gene Transfer

Question 25

Was really popular in the market but was withdrawn due to unforeseen health concerns

Answer 25

Flavr Savr tomatoes have longer shelf life

Question 26

- Precursor to vitamin A - Insertion to genes from a daffodil and soil bacteria

Answer 26

Golden rice has beta carotene

Question 27

- Inserting a growth hormone gene from a from a Pacific Chinook Salmon - A promoter from an Ocean Pout

Answer 27

AquAdvantage Salmon is larger than normal salmons

Question 28

- Genetically modifying pigs to grow organs that will not be rejected in transplantation in the human body - Alleviated organ shortage

Answer 28

Xenograph

Question 29

Human insulin gene was inserted into a bacteria which produced more insulin

Answer 29

biofarming

Question 30

GMO potential risk (5)(UUPEE)

Answer 30

- Unforeseen Health Risks - Unintentional Exposure to Allergens - Possible Antibiotic Resistance - Ecological Imbalances - Ethical Concerns

Question 31

GMO fed lab rats showed indications of liver damage

Answer 31

Unforeseen Health Risks

Question 32

- Transfer of genes from a bacteria to food may cause allergic reactions - No reports of serious allergies

Answer 32

Unintentional Exposure to Allergens

Question 33

Infections would be harder to treat

Answer 33

Possible Antibiotic Resistance

Question 34

- GMOs will outgrow and compete with unmodified organisms - Superweed (herbicide resistance from a GM crop)

Answer 34

Ecological Imbalances

Question 35

Scientists are seen as playing god, creating unnatural organisms

Answer 35

Ethical Concerns

Question 36

GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS(6)

Answer 36

* Herbicide Resistant * Insect Resistant * Have added nutrients * Pesticide Resistant * Drought tolerant * Extreme temperature tolerant

Question 37

Accomplished by inserting gene 5’-enolpyruvylshekimate-3’ phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 37

Herbicide Resistant

Question 38

Identifying and isolating a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a toxin called cry

Answer 38

Insect Resistant

Question 39

Beta-carotene biosynthesis was done by inserting phytoene synthase (psy) from daffodils and phytoene desaturase gene from Erwinia Uredovorainto

Answer 39

Added Nutrients

Question 40

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS

Answer 40

* Biomedical Research * Agriculture * Conservation * Biotechnology and Industry * Scientific Research * Drug Testing

Question 41

- Animals serve as models for human diseases - Allows researchers to test potential treatments and gain insights into disease mechanisms

Answer 41

Biomedical Research

Question 42

Animals can be modified to improve their traits for food production

Answer 42

Agriculture

Question 43

Can be used in conservation efforts to help endangered species

Answer 43

Conservation

Question 44

- Animals can be genetically modified to produce valuable biotechnology products - Insulin or growth hormones

Answer 44

Biotechnology and Industry

Question 45

- Manipulating genes of animals allows us to understand how genes work and how they influence traits and behavior

Answer 45

Scientific Research

Question 46

- GM animals can be used in drug testing and toxicity studies

Answer 46

Drug Testing

Question 47

GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROBES

Answer 47

* Biotechnology and Industry * Medicine * Environmental Remediation * Agriculture * Biocontrol and Pest Management

Question 48

Microbes are used in production of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, biofuels, and specialty chemicals, etc.

Answer 48

Biotechnology and Industry

Question 49

Can be designed to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, and antibodies for medical applications

Answer 49

Medicine

Question 50

Some can be used to clean up pollution, degrade toxic substances, or assist in wastewater treatment

Answer 50

Environmental Remediation

Question 51

- Used as biopesticides or biocontrol agents - Manage harmful pests and pathogens in agriculture

Answer 51

Biocontrol and Pest Management