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GR12 Alessandra's 1st Quarter > BIO 2|EVOLUTION > Flashcards

BIO 2|EVOLUTION Flashcards

1
Q

Development Of Evolutionary Thought (3)

A

A. Catastrophism By Georges Cuvier
B. Inheritance Of Acquired Trait By Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C. Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection

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2
Q

Four Basic Principles Of Natural Selection

A

A. Variation
B. Heritability
C. Overproduction
D. Reproductive Advantage

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3
Q

6 Mechanisms Of Evolution

A

A. Natural Selection
B. Genetic Drift
C. Artificial Selection
D. Mutation
E. Migration
F. Recombination

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4
Q
  • French Zoologist and Paleontologist
A

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)

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5
Q
  • The theory of
    ___________ states that the Earth has been shaped by
    sudden, often unpredicted, events that are short-lived
    but impactful.
  • It proposes the idea that catastrophes are responsible for mass extinctions and other processes
A

CATASTROPHISM BY GEORGES CUVIER

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6
Q

French Naturalist and Biologist

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck(1744-1829)

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7
Q
  • According to Lamarck,
    organisms alter their
    behavior in response to
    environmental change.
  • Their changed behavior,
    in turn, modified their organs, and their offspring inherited those “improved” structures.
A

INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED TRAIT BY
JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARK

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8
Q
  • “The Father Of Evolution”
  • Naturalist, Geologist and Biologist
A

Charles Darwin (1808-1882)

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9
Q
  • Darwin defined evolution as “descent with modification,” the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.
  • The mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution is natural
    selection.
A

THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

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10
Q
  • causes populations to
    become adapted, or increasingly well-suited,
    to their environments over
    time.
  • depends on the environment and requires
    existing heritable variation in a group.
A

Natural selection

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11
Q

In _____, Darwin published his famous book,_____. This book caused a lot of controversy, but it also gained a lot of support.

A

1859

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

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12
Q

H.M.S Beagle

A

Her Majesty’s Ship

1831-1836

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13
Q

Darwin found that nearby islands in the _________had similar but not identical species of finches living on them.

A

Galápagos

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14
Q

This mechanism was elegant and logical, and it explained how populations could evolve (undergo
descent with modification) in such a way that they became better suited to their environments over time.

A

natural selection

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15
Q
  • Individuals have traits better suited to the environment than
    others.
  • Individuals with adaptive traits give them some advantages and are more likely to survive and
    reproduce.
A

VARIATION

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16
Q

refers to the degree of
adaptation of an individual to its environment which is passed onto future

A

Fitness

17
Q

Variations in traits of individuals maybe passed on to their offspring.

A

HERITABILITY

18
Q

Organisms can produce more individuals than can be supported by the environment

A

OVERPRODUCTION

19
Q

Some traits allow individuals to gain more advantage in terms of fitness.

A

REPRODUCTIVE ADVANTAGE

20
Q

usually predominates in large populations

It results in evolution when
individuals with higher survival and reproductive rates pass on these
traits to their offspring.

operates according to the differential reproductive successes of individuals

A

NATURAL SELECTION

21
Q
  • Random change in the frequency of gene.
  • In each generation, some
    individuals may, just by chance, leave behind a few more descendants than other individuals.
  • A large reduction in the size of the population increases evolutionary
    change by genetic drift is termed bottleneck.

Some individuals may survive by luck. The offspring of these individuals carry the
genes for the “lucky” and not necessarily the “better” individuals

A

GENETIC DRIFT

22
Q
  • is a technique in which the intervention of humans
    allows only for selected
    organisms to breed and produce offspring.
A

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

23
Q
  • A change in the DNA of an
    organism.
  • is a random event and it may be beneficial or harmful.
  • Environmental factors may influence the rate of ________and not all _________result in evolution.
A

MUTATION

24
Q
  • is the movement of
    populations, groups or individual species.
  • It enables gene flow, which is the movement of genetic characteristics from one population to another.
A

MIGRATION

25
Q

Exchange of segments between DNA molecules or chromosomes

A

RECOMBINATION

GR12 Alessandra's 1st Quarter (22 decks)

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