BIO 2|recombinant DNA technology

Question 1

meaning of CRISPR

Answer 1

Clustered
Regularly
Interspaced
Short
Palindromic
Repeats

Question 2

stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. It is a component of bacterial immune systems that can cut DNA, and has been repurposed as a gene editing tool.

Answer 2

CRISPR

Question 3

who discovered CRISPR?
Their groundbreaking paper, revealing that the CRISPR Cas9 bacterial immune system could be repurposed as a gene editing tool, was published in the journal Science in 2012

Answer 3

Dr. Jennifer Doudna (UC Berkeley)
Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier (Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens Berlin)

Question 4

CRISPR associated priteins

Answer 4

CAS

Question 5

RNA guided protein

Answer 5

Cas9

Question 6

how CRISPR works

Answer 6

1. The Cas9 protein forms a complex with the guide RNA in a cell
2. This complex attaches to a matching genomic DNA sequence adjacent to a spacer(yellow segment)
3. The cas9-RNA complex cuts the double strands of the DNA
4. Programmed DNA may be inserted at the cut

Question 7

defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as the joining together of DNA molecules from different organisms and inserting it into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations.

Answer 7

Recombinant DNA Technology

Question 8

who developed recombinant DNA technology?
They also established the first company that focused on recombinant DNA technology (Genentech) in 1976

Answer 8

Stanly Cohen
Herbert Boyer
(1972)

Question 9

STEPS IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

Answer 9

1. Cutting the desired DNA by restriction sites;
2. Amplifying the gene copies by PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)
3. Inserting the genes into the vectors;
4. Transferring the vectors into the host organism; and
5. Obtaining the products or recombinant genes

Question 10

is a laboratory technique used to determine the probable identity of a person based on the nucleotide sequences of certain regions of human DNA that are unique to individuals

Answer 10

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 11

is the process where a specific DNA pattern, called a profile, is obtained from a person or sample of bodily tissue. One of the current techniques for ______ uses polymorphisms called short tandem repeats.

Answer 11

DNA Profiling

Question 12

• polymorphisms
• are regions of non-coding DNA that contain repeats of non-coding DNA that contain repeats of the same nucleotide sequence.

Answer 12

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Question 13

PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS(6)

Answer 13

Autonomy
Beneficence
Non-Maleficence
Justice
Veracity
Confidentiality

Question 14

refers to the principle of respecting an individual’s right to make their own decisions about their own body and medical treatment

Answer 14

Autonomy

Question 15

Healthcare providers have a moral duty to promote the well-being of their patients and to provide the best possible care.

Answer 15

Beneficence

Question 16

This principle is often stated as “do no harm.” It underscores the importance of avoiding actions that may harm the patient

Answer 16

Non-Maleficence

Question 17

The principles of _______ addresses the fait distribution of healthcare resources and the equitable treatment of individuals

Answer 17

justice

Question 18

is the principle of truth-telling.
Healthcare providers have an ethical obligation to be honest and transparent with their patients, providing accurate information about their condition and treatment options

Answer 18

Veracity

Question 19

The principles of _______ dictates that healthcare providers must protect the privacy of patient information.

Answer 19

confidentiality