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Biology > Bio 2- Nucleic acids > Flashcards

Bio 2- Nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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2
Q

Is DNA a polymer or a monomer?

A

Polymer

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3
Q

Name the 4 bases.

A

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

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4
Q

What ring structure do Purines have?

A

2 ring structure

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5
Q

What bases have a purine structure?

A

Adenine and Guanine

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6
Q

What ring structure do pyrimidines have?

A

single ring structure

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7
Q

What bases have pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine and Thymine.

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8
Q

What’s a gene?

A

A length of DNA that codes for one protein

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9
Q

What are two differences between DNA and RNA?

A
  1. single strand for RNA but DNA has double strand

2. Uracil is found in RNA but thymine is in DNA

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10
Q

How is ATP used in metabolic processes?

A

Provides energy needed to build up macromolecules eg. making starch from glucose

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11
Q

How is ATP used for movement?

A

Provides energy for muscle contraction. Provides energy for the filaments of muscles to slide past one another and shorten.

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12
Q

How is ATP used in active transport?

A

Provides energy to change the shape of carrier proteins in plasma membranes.

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13
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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14
Q

What is ATP?

A

The nucleotide that is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells.

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15
Q

What bond binds together the nucleotides?

A

Phosphodiester

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16
Q

What reaction happens when nucleotides join together?

A

Condensation

17
Q

Describe the process of DNA replication.

A
  • the enzyme DNA helicase causes the two strands to break.
  • free nucleotides that have been activated bind to specific bases
  • nucleotides are joined together by DNA polymerase which makes phosphodiester bonds
  • all nucleotides are joined together to form a complete polynucleotide chain
18
Q

How does the phosphodiester backbone help with the stability of DNA?

A

It protects the more chemically reactive organic bases

19
Q

How do hydrogen bonds help with the stability of DNA?

A

They are the strongest type of bonds and link the base pairs together.

Biology (15 decks)

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