Bible_Study_14 Flashcards
Definition of Illumination
The Impartation of the Message from Scripture to Man’s Heart. - The ministry is continuous and ongoing. This ministry is dependent upon the response of the human heart and is therefore not infallible or without the possibility of error.
Definition of Preservation
The Impartation of the Message from the Original Manuscripts to Today’s Bible. -
In stating that Revelation and Inspiration have ceased, it is important to note that this does not mean that the Holy Spirit no longer ____________ with the human heart.
communicates
The Holy Spirit Communicates with the human heart these ways…
He does so through His continuing ministries such as Illumination, Conviction, Leading, and Calling (to salvation and to ministry). All of these ministries are, however,vastly different in nature than Revelation or Inspiration. All of these ministries are more general in nature and are dependent upon the receptivity and sensitivity of the human heart for their accuracy. They are therefore not guaranteed to be free from error in all cases.
The Holy Spirit Communicates with the human heart these ways… (Illustrations)
The Spirit may lead a pastor to preach a specific message from His Word, guide a pastor in exactly what text to use, and even prompt him to use specific illustrations, but this is vastly different from saying that he received this message by divine revelation or inspiration, which would guarantee that every word of the sermon was directly from God and was therefore not only free from all error, but also as authoritative as the Holy Scriptures.
The Greek word for “Inspired” literally means…
God breathed
Various Theories of Inspiration:♦The Spiritual-Rule-Only Theory of Inspiration.
It must be understood that since the Bible is clearly revealed as God’s Word, for one to claim that it contains errors or lies is to directly assault the character of God. One who tells lies is a liar and one who makes mistakes is fallible!
Various Theories of Inspiration:♦The Content (or Concept) Inspiration Theory.
One factor that is often overlooked is that the various methods of translation are influenced by the various views of Inspiration. If only the main thoughts of each passage are inspired, then it is perfectly appropriate to merely paraphrase the main thoughts of each passage. If the very words of Scripture are inspired, then the proper method of translation is to translate the very words themselves, insofar as each language makes this possible.
Various Theories of Inspiration:♦The Mechanical Dictation Theory.
The Holy Spirit moved on the personality of the writer and guided (not dictated) every word from error in such a way that every word of Scripture is both from God and from the human author and yet, none of the frailties or faults of the human writer are included.
Various Theories of Inspiration:♦The Verbal-Plenary Inspiration Position.
- This is the correct position and it states that all (plenary) the very words (verbal) of the Bible are completely and perfectly inspired by God Himself. ♦- Exactly what is meant by inspiration (theopneustos-“God breathed”) is clearly defined in Matthew 4:4, “…Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.”
The Completion of Inspiration:♦Is Inspiration still going on today?
For nearly 20 centuries, Christians everywhere have believed that when John wrote Revelation 22:21 and wiped his pen, inspiration ceased. The Bible is a completed Book and therefore Inspiration is a completed process.
The Completion of Inspiration. Evidences:♦God warned not to ….
add to His Word in the Bible’s final chapter.
The Completion of Inspiration. Evidences:♦The Declaration of Jude 1:3
That “the faith” was once for all time delivered to the saints Jude speaks of “the faith which was once delivered to the Saints.” “The faith” refers to the Christian faith and doctrines. The Greek tence here literally speaks of “the faith which was once for all time never to be repeated again delevered unto the saints”. This clearly speaks of a completed process.
The Completion of Inspiration: ♦The Declaration of Hebrews 1:1-2 that God has…
given His final and highest revelation through His Son Jesus Christ. The New Testament superseded the Old Testament because it was the Higher revelation of Christ and the New Testament in “My blood” (I Cor 11:25). What other higher revelation could possibly supersede the revelation of Christ? What other testament could transcend the testament of His blood? What other gospel (Gal 1:8-9) could surpass the gospel of Jesus Christ?
The Completion of Inspiration: ♦The 2,000 year gap is the …
Length of time since anything has been added to Scripture is also good evidence that the message of God is complete.
The Completion of Inspiration:♦The meaning of Incomplete inspiration.
That the Bible is not sufficient. If the Scriptures are not complete, then the inspiration we have already received, the Bible, is not all we need to make Christians, “perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.”
The Old Testament was originally written in this language.
Hebrew, with the following exceptions in Aramaic: Ezra 4:8-6:18; 7:12-26; Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:4-7:28.
Why did God choose Hebrew for the Old Testament?
It is a pictoral language, speaking with vivid, bold metaphors which challenge and dramatize the story. The Hebrew language possesses a facility to present ‘pictures’ of the events narrated. …As a pictorial language, Hebrew presents a vivid picture of the acts of God among a people who became examples of illustrations for future generations. The Old Testament was intended to be presented graphically in a ‘picture-language’ . …Further, Hebrew is a personal language. It addresses itself to the heart and emotions. Hebrew is a language through which the message is felt rather than thought. Hebrew was a language restricted only to the Jewish people, keeping them separate from the world.
The New Testament was originally written in what language? Why?
Greek. Greek was an intellectual language. It was more a language of the mind that of the heart. …Since Greek possessed a technical precision not found to Hebrew, the theological truths which were more generally expressed in the Hebrew of the Old Testament were more precisely formulated in the Greek of the New Testament. …Furthermore, Greek was a nearly universal language. …The common (Koine) Greek, a thoroughly international language of the first century Mediteranean world.” Greek was the perfect language to carry the Gospel to the world.
The “Torah” is the books of ….
Genesis - Deuteronomy (The Law)
__________, _________, and _________ (all of whom were associated personally with ______ the Apostle) list all but one N.T. book (__ ______) and it is included in the very first written list of the N.T. books we have (The ________ ________).
Polycarp, Ignatius, and Iraneus ; John ; 3 John ; Mutorian Canon
The Reasons for Rejectiing the Apocrypha: ♦The Apocrypha was _______ included in the Old Testament canon by any recognized _________ authorities, such as the Pharisees or by the inspired profit Ezra.
never ; Jewish
;The Reasons for Rejecting the Apocrypha: ♦Some books teach _______ doctrines, such as praying for the dead (____________).
false ; Maccabees
It was not until AD ______ at the Council of _______ that the Roman Catholic Church officially recognized the Apocryphal book, basically in an attempt to ____________ their position, which had been grievously weakened by the great reformer _________ __________.
1596 ; Trent ; strengthen ; Martin Luther
Who established the O.T. canon?
Ezra (aided by Haggai & Zechariah)
Who accepted the same 39 O.T. books we have today?
Jesus
What are the Dead Sea Scrolls?
A collection of Old Testament manuscripts discovered in 1947, which date back to the Second Century, BC.
Where were the Dead See Scrolls and who hid them?
In caves by a Jewish group known as the Essenes. They contain manuscripts from every Old Testament book except Esther and were 1000 years older than any existing Old Testament manuscripts.
What charge did the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls silence?
Skeptics and false religions had long claimed that in the centuries of copying and recopying, the text of the Old Testament had sustained so many mistakes, errors, and revisions as to make it completely unreliable. A comparison of these manuscripts with our oldest copies of the Old Testament revealed that the copying process was incredibly and absolutely accurate.
Who translated the 1st whole English Bible?
John Wycliffe
Who flooded England with the 1st printed New Testaments?
William Tyndale
The Geneva Version of the Bible was translated in what place and year?
In Geneva, Switzerland during the vicious persecution by Mary Tudor in England in AD 1557.
The Geneva Version of the Bible was translated by whom?
William Whittingham, brother-in-law to John Calvin.
The Geneva Version of the Bible was the first English version to do what two things?
1.Divide the text into verses ♦2. Omit the Apocrypha.
The Geneva Version of the Bible was the most loved of the common people and went through over how many editions?
160
The Geneva Version of the Bible was used by whom? (3 people/groups)
John Bunyan, Shakespeare, and the pilgrims of the Mayflower.
Year the King James version was written.
1611
By whom and where was the KJV translated?
47 scholars divided into six groups, working at Westminster, Cambridge, and Oxford.
How and by whom was the KJV checked?
Each translator’s work was examined by every member of his committee. Each committee’s work was then examined by all of the other committees. This degree of scholarship and of cross examination of every translator’s work by all other translators has never duplicated since.
The KJV rests on what?
The KJV rests on the Greek texts compiled by Erasmus, also known as the Textus Receptus or Received Text. This is based upon the Traditional Text or Majority Text of the New Testament.
The KJV was also produced, “with the former Translations diligently compared and revised”. The translators availed themselves to and built upon the …
scholarship which had produced the Bishop’s Bible, Tyndale’s, Matthew’s and Coverdale’s versions, the Great Bible and the Geneva Bible.
Reprintings took place to fine tune the accuracy of the KJ V in the years …
1629, 1638, 1762, and 1769
Changes in the K JV were minor in nature and only concerned such details as? (3 changes)
- Updating from Gothic to Roman typesetting (a Gothic “u” looks like a Roman “v”) ♦2. Printing errors (common with 1611 manual typesetting technology) ♦3. Updated spelling (English spelling was not standardized until the 1700s)
The Majority and Minority Texts: ♦The KJV was translated from what text, a body of over how many Greek manuscripts, the indisputably accepted Standard Greek Text for almost all Bibles between what years?
The Majority Text ; a body of over 5,500 Greek manuscripts ; from the 400’s to the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.
Two distinct families of Greek texts or text types had already come into existence by the AD 300’s. When did scholars generally agree that most corruptions of the text occur?
During the first 100 years after the originals were written.
What is the text accepted as the pure Word of God?
The Majority Text, also called the Received Text, the Traditional Text, the Byzantine Text.
How long had the Greek text been the accepted text before the KJV was written?
1,200 years.
How many years of Church history does the KJV reflect?
1,500 years.
When the Roman Empire split into East and West, what language did the Western Empire come to use as its prominent language?
Latin.
In the late 1,800’s the Greek text accepted by the true church was challenged by those who argued what?
Since Codexes Sinaiticus (AD 330), Vaticanus (AD 330), and Alexandrinus (AD 450) predated most of the then extant Greek manuscripts of the Standard or Majority Text, then they should be accepted as superior.
The Minority Texts are a how many older manuscripts, some of which have been discovered since the translation of the King James Version. They were incomplete and have as much or more disagreement between themselves as they do with what?
- The Majority Text.
An eclectic critical text was prepared by a committee lead by who?
Westcott and Hort. This critical text is the foundation of the Greek text underlying almost all new English and other language Bible versions today.
If the Minority Texts are corrupt or inferior, then so are what?
All the modern translations based on these texts.
The chief claim to superiority by the advocates of the Minority Text has always been that it relies …
upon manuscripts which are older (and therefore supposedly closer to the originals) than the manuscripts of the Majority Text. (Which is false due to discoveries such as the Papyri, which is older than any of the manuscripts which the eclectic Minority Text was originally based but the majority consistently reveal that Majority Text [KJV] readings are both older and correct)
How many changes were made to a recent edition of the eclectic Critical Text (Nestle’s 26th Edition) back to the Majority Text and why?
500 changes back to the Majority Text reading because of discoveries from the early Papyri.
The Majority Text now stands as both what and what?
The majority of Greek Texts and as the oldest extant Greek Text.
The Supernatural Unity of the Bible is achieved in Spite of many different what of writings? (9)
- Authors♦2. Long Periods of Times♦3. Different Geographical Places♦4. Styles♦5. Different Types of Times♦6. 3 different languages♦7. Various Religious backgrounds♦8. Hundreds of controversial topics covered♦9. How could it possibly be a Unified Whole (One Supernatural Author)
The Supernatural Unity of the Bible is achieved in Spite of how many authors and Occupations?
40, 19
The Bible is Indestructible in Spite of what kinds of persecutions? (3)
- Political Persecutions♦2. Religious Persecutions♦3. Intellectual Persecutions.
The Bible is Supernatural Scientifically in what ways?
The Earth is round, and is suspended in space; stars are innumerable; there are mountains and canyons in the sea; there are springs and fountians in the sea; there are watery paths (water currents) in the sea; all living things reproduce after their own kind; health, sanitation and medical science was covered in the Bible.
The sacred Hindu Vedas of India says what about the moon, sun, and earth?
The moon is 50,000 leagues higher than the sun, shines by its own light; night is caused by the sun’s setting behind a hugh mountain, several feet high, located in the center of the earth; the world is flat and triangular, and composed of seven states - honey, sugar, butter, wine, and the whole mass is borne on the heads of countless elephants, which in shaking produce earthquakes.
The Muslim Quran says what about the sun and the moon?
Alexander the Great followed the setting Sun and found that it went down into the waters of a muddy stream; the moon is larger than the sun, shines by its own light, and Mohammed cut the moon in half.
Mohammed thought that ________ (the sister of Moses) was the same person as Mary (the mother Jesus), a 1,500 year mistake
Miriam
Contrary to the Quran: ♦Jesus was crucified; Jesus did not speak from the ________; the Christian trinity is ____ compromised of the Father, the Mother, and the Son;
cradle ; not
Contrary to the Quran: ♦The _______ was not built by Adam and rebuilt by Abraham; the Flood did ____ take place at the time of Moses; the ark did not land on Mt. Judi;
Kabah ; not
Contrary to the Quran: ♦The Jews do not worship Ezra as the Son of God; Christians do not believe that God the Father had ____ with Mary to produce Jesus; people with white faces will not go to heaven while people with _______ faces are automatically damned; nor will heaven be a place of wine and free sex
sex ; black
Concerning Scripture’s prophetic accuracy, the Bible has some _________ fulfilled prophecies in the Old Testament alone, over 135 just in ________ ___, over _____ just about Babylon, over _____ about Christ, that 1/4th of the Bible was predictive prophecy when written and that _____ of these have already been fulfilled.
10,000 ; Daniel 11 ; 100 ; 333 ; 1/2
It only took one false prophecy to make a …
False Prophet
What are the two names that were prophesied by name centuries before their births?
Josiah & Cyrus
The number of Greek manuscripts?
(over 5,300) and early versions (about 25,000)
How could the entire text of the New Testament be recovered even if all manuscripts were lost? (3 points)
- From quotes in the writings of the Early Church Fathers, over 36,000 quotes in the first 3 centuries alone♦2. It could also be completely recovered from the thousands of early Lectionaries (books used for corporate Bible reading in the early church) ♦3. When any cult, liberal, or skeptic claims that we cannot be sure if we have what was originally written, you can be sure that they don’t have the faintest idea of what they are talking about.
Eighth Supernatural Element - Its Amazing Circulation:♦What amazing Circulation facts show a Supernatuaral element of the Bible? (6 facts)
- The Bible is the number 1 best seller of all time♦2. It was the First Major book ever translated♦3. It’s been translated into more languages than any other book♦4. It’s the first book ever put into Codex (modern) form, which was actually Developed for the Bible♦5. It’s the first book ever printed♦6. It contains the oldest written history in existence.
Eighth Supernatural Element - Its Amazing Circulation:♦The Bible is the Foundation of the Modern Scientific Method (Elaborate) …
Our modern age of scientific discovery would have been impossible without the Bible. The scientific method could never have been born under the fatalism of Islam or the non-reality view of matter held by Hinduism and Eastern Religoins. The great Fathers of the various fields of science were almost exclusively Christian.
The three primary names of God with translation
Elohim - God♦Jehovah - LORD (all capital letters) [also “I AM” and “Yahweh”]♦Adonai - Lord
Names of God with their meanings:♦Adonai meaning …
Master - emphasizing God’s Authority
Names of God with their meanings:♦Jehovah meaning …
I AM, the Self-existent God, the Everloving One
Names of God with their meanings:♦Elohim meaning …
The Strong One Who keeps His covenant
Names of God with their meanings:♦El meaning …
Strong One
Names of God with their meanings:♦El-Shaddai meaning …
The Almighty (the Oak), the All-Sufficient One, the Breasted One, our intimate nourisher
Names of God with their meanings:♦Jehovah-Jireh meaning …
The LORD will Provide
Names of God with their meanings:♦Jehovah-Rapha meaning …
The LORD our Healer
A summation of the Bible Doctrine of the Triune God. (3 points & Conclusion)
- The Bible clearly teaches that there is only One God♦2. Yet the Bible also teaches that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are each God.♦3. The Bible also teaches that these Three are distinct persons or personalities.♦Conclusion: Therefore, there must be One God, Who exists as Three distinct Persons, and the doctrine of the Trinity is true. - The Father is God. The Son is God. The Spirit is God.
The evidences for the Trinity: (1-5)♦1. The Command to baptize in the Father, Son, & Holy Ghost. (reference?)
Matthew 28:19-20
The evidences for the Trinity: (1-5)♦2. Jesus statement in John 10:30. (verse?)
I and My Father are One
The evidences for the Trinity: (1-5)♦3. “There are three…the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are One” (reference?)
1 John 5:7
The evidences for the Trinity: (1-5)♦4. (Reference?), the Father commands the angel to worship the Son, and calls Him God & Lord;
Hebrews 1:5-8
The evidences for the Trinity: (1-5)♦5. The statement in (reference?) that to be God’s Son makes One Equal with God;
John 5:18
Bethlehem is …
the city of Christ’s birth
Nazareth is …
place of Christ’s boyhood and youth
Cana is …
city of Christ’s first miracle (water to “wine”)
Capernaum is …
headquarters of Christ’s Galilean ministry
Jerusalem is …
capital city of the Jews, home of the Temple, site of Jesus’ death
Jews despised the inhabitants of this city, where Jesus won a woman at the well
Samaria
Political group of extreme fanatics who rebelled against all foreign elements. Christ’s enemies tried to identify Him and His disciples with this group since they were from the same region
Galileans
Political group supported the rule of the Herods and Romans and joined in the opposition against Christ
Herodians
Political group advocated open war and rebellion to kick out their Roman occupiers
Zealots
Levites are …
Religious group of priestly tribe which had charge of the temple
Sanhedrin are …
Religious group of 70-72 member Jewish religious and legal Supreme Court that condemned Christ
Scribes (lawyers) are …
Religious group of scholars, students, interpreters, and teachers of the Old Testament Scriptures. They also opposed Christ.
Religious group of extreme conservatives. Accepted both the written law and the oral law or Jewish tradition. Believed in the resurrection of the dead, miracles and angels. Religiously oriented. Strong influence over the common people. Large group (6,000). Synagogue centered. Promoted individual holiness. Middle class. Opposed Christ early for religious reasons.
Pharisees
