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Bee hygiene > Bee questions 2 > Flashcards

Bee questions 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes apimyiasis?

A

Senotainia tricuspis

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2
Q

What is Braula coeca?

A
  • Bee louse
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2
Q

When is the cleansing flight and what is it for?

A

It is right after winter, when the workers fly out from the hives to defecate (to
prevent dirt inside the hive)

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3
Q

What happens before the winter?

A
  • The drones are expelled from the hive. The beekeepers will clean, feed sugar
    syrup, take a Varroa control and prepare for the winter
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4
Q

How many % of the Varroa mite survive the winter?

A

Non of the males will survive, because they die right after mating

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5
Q

What is the royal jelly?

A
  • A milky-white secretion produced by the pharyngeal gland of workers made of
    combination of pollen and honey.
  • This is fed to the young larvae and queen for superior growth and
    development
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6
Q

What is American foul brood?

A
  • One of the most dreaded bacterial bee diseases in the world as it is very
    contagious.
  • Caused by Paenibacillus larvae.
  • Has to be reported to the OIE
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7
Q

What is aspergillosis caused by?

A

Caused by Stone-brood which is caused by Aspergillus flavus and fumigatus

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8
Q

What must be collected when suspecting poisoning of bees?

A

1 litre of dead bees (10.000 bees) and samples of plants in a 2-3 km radius

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9
Q

What is used against malphigamoebosis?

A

There are no effective treatments against it

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10
Q

Where do the symptoms of Aschosphera apis (chalk brood) occur?

A
  • Larva are first fluffy and swollen, taking the form of the cell and quickly covered by white cotton like mycelium
  • The larvae mummify, harden, shrink and appear chalk-like.
  • Head of larvae is unaffected and there is no smell from the dead larvae
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11
Q

Life span of worker bees?

A
  • Summer: 4-6 weeks
  • Winter: 4-5 months
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12
Q

Which organ is the target of nosemosis?

A

It develops exclusively within the cells of the epithelium of the mid-gut

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13
Q

Which occurs in Hungary, V.destructor or V. jacobsoni?

A

V. destructor

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14
Q

Small beehive beetle?

A
  • Aethina tumida
  • Light yellowish brown at first and becomes brown, dark brown and black at full maturity
  • Covered with fine hair
  • They put stress on the colonies
  • Larvae are scavengers and eat live brood and honey, defecate in the honey
    & promote fermentation
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15
Q

Which haplotype occurs in Hungary? Japanese or Korean?

A
  • Korean type - Varoa destructor
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16
Q

2 genus of flies causing Apimyasis?

A
  • Melaloncha ronnai: Brazil
  • Rondaniooestrus apivorus: South Africa
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17
Q

What is the result of European foul brood?

A
  • Caused by Melissococcus plutonius
  • Must be reported to OIE
  • Larvae are susceptible at any age of their unsealed life and often have no symptoms
  • Larvae appear pale yellow and then brown, become displaced and curled upwards in their cell and then die
  • The dead larva can have foul or sour smell, but not always as it can depend on the bacteria
  • The scales to not adhere to the cell wall and can be removed easily
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18
Q

What are the foul brood bacteria?

A
  • Paenibaccilus larvae = Gram + and spore forming - AFV
  • Melissococcus plutonius = Gram + but no spores - EFV
19
Q

How to diagnose viral diseases?

A
  • Cultivation in adult for antiserum production
  • Agar gel diffusion test
  • Elisa
  • PCR
  • Symptoms
20
Q

What is propolis?

A
  • Brownish resinous material collected by bees from the bud of trees and used
    as cement in repairing and maintaining the hive.
  • Also used to sterilise the cells after larvae, honey or pollen.
  • Important for prevention of infection
  • Functions as a natural defence and immune system of the hive
21
Q

Which bee is in Europe?

A
  • Apis mellifera
22
Q

Which bacterium can be isolated from an uncapped dead larvae?

A
  • Melissococcus plutonius (EFV)
  • M. pluton and secondary organism —> larva dies before it is capped and found by the nursing bees
  • Bacillus alvei - diseased larvae are capped and fail to pupate
23
Q

How many larval stages are the in the bee?

A

5 stages

24
Q

Which sex of mites infects the trachea of bee?

A
  • The female - lays eggs and male appears 11-12 days later
25
Q

Which will be sick of Nosemosis?

A
  • Adults only!
  • Mainly the workers but also queen and drones can be affected
26
Q

What is the agent causing Nosemosis and what is the infective form of it?

A
  • Nosema apis, N. ceranae - infective part is the spore
27
Q

How many breathing holes does the bee have?

A
  • 10 pairs of spiracles
28
Q

How old are the larvae that can get sick of sacbrood?

A
  • Larvae that are about 2 days old are most susceptible
29
Q

What will hatch from a haploid egg?

A
  • Drones (unfertilised)
30
Q

What will hatch from diploid egg?

A
  • Workers and queens (fertilised)
30
Q

To whom is the royal jelly given?

A
  • Queen, queen larvae and eggs are also laid in it
31
Q

Name 2 glands of workers

A
  • Pharyngeal gland
  • Wax gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Sting
32
Q

Describe the compound eye?

A
  • 3 ocelli and 2 oculus compositus
  • Drone has about 9500 while other have about 4500
33
Q

What are the tasks of 3-5 day old workers?

A
  • Feeding older larvae
34
Q

Name 4 viral diseases?

A
  • Chronic paralysis virus (CPV)
  • Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV)
  • Sacbrood virus (SBV)
  • Deformed wing virus (DWV)
  • Cloudy wing virus (CWV
35
Q

What is beewolf?

A
  • Philantus triangulum: Wasp
  • Females lie down their eggs on dead bees and larvae feed on the dead bees
    as bees cannot kill them
35
Q

What is stonebrood?

A
  • Fungal infection by Aspergillus flavus and A. fumigates which causes aspergillosis.
  • May cause respiratory diseases in animals, man (zoonotic) and birds
  • Toxins can kill adult honey bees
  • Fungi can multiply in adult bees
36
Q

What is the infective form of the Malphigamoebosis?

A
  • The cyst + vegetative
37
Q

What age of bees are susceptible for Malphigamoebosis?

A
  • The adult bees, they ingest the cysts
38
Q

Treatment of Nosemosis?

A
  • Fumagillin or other antibiotics , cleaning and disinfecting the hives and combs
39
Q

What does hygienic strain mean?

A
  • Apis mellifera perform hygienic behaviour - they quickly detect, uncap and remove and diseased brood.
  • It depends on 2 recessive genes: R and U
  • Hygienic colony = uurr
  • Unhygienic colony = UURR
  • F1 hybrid - unhygienic colony = UuRr
40
Q

Name 2 non-infectious diseases

A
  • Neglected brood
  • Chilled brood
  • Starved brood
  • Overheating
  • Genetic lethality
41
Q

Where is the infectious nosema?

A
  • Epithelium of mid-gut.
42
Q

Colony collapse disorder?

A
  • Causes losses up to 30-90%
  • Collapsed colonies: Complete absence of adult bees, presence of capped brood and food stores
  • Actively collapsing: An insufficient workforce to maintain the brood that is
    present. Workforce made up of young bees, queen is present
43
Q

Where is the wax gland found?

A
  • Between 3rd-6th segment in workers
44
Q

Pathogen of chalk brood?

A
  • Ascosphaera apis (pericystis apis)

Bee hygiene (19 decks)

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