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Bee hygiene > 5. viral infections of honey bees > Flashcards

5. viral infections of honey bees Flashcards

1
Q

Main causes of honeybee colony loss:

A
  • parasite Varroa
  • pesticides
  • food shortage due to wildflower loss
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2
Q

Can viral infections be asymptomatic

A

yes

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3
Q

What can viruses infect?

A
  • eggs
  • larvae
  • pupae
  • adults
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4
Q

The way an infection can spread

A

horiztontally or vertically

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5
Q

Predisposing factors leading to viral infections

A
  • crowded population
  • stressful conditions eg due to Varroa mite infestation
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6
Q

what is dicistroviridae known by::

A
  • acute bee paralysis
  • israeli acute paralysis
  • kashmir bee virus
  • black queen cell
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7
Q

What is iflaviridae known by:

A
  • deformed wing virus
  • kakugo virus
  • varroa destructor virus 1
  • sacbrood virus
  • slow bee paralysis virus
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8
Q

Taxonomically unclassified viruses

A
  • chronic bee paralysis
  • lake sinai viruses
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9
Q

3 types of single stranded RNA viruses

A
  • dicistroviridae
  • iflaviridae
  • chronic bee paralysis
  • lake sinai viruses
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10
Q

Double stranded DNA virus:

A

> 300 nm
Apis mellifera filamentous virus

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11
Q

Which bees does ABPV mainly affect

A

worker bees, larva too

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12
Q

How does ABPV infect

A

via salivary glands of infected adult bees

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13
Q

What is the vector of ABPV

A

Varroa destructor

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14
Q

Symptoms of ABPV

A
  • no symptoms or trembling
  • paralysis of wings and bodies with 2-4 days and death 1-2 days later
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15
Q

what happened to larvae of bees infected with ABPV?

A

if fed sufficiently with virus will die before sealed in their cells

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16
Q

Chronic bee paralysis affects

A

workers and pupae

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17
Q

Infection by CPV

A

via mouth/pore in cuticle left by broken hairs

18
Q

Type 1 paralysis symptoms of CPV

A
  • aka isle of wight disease
  • trembling motion of wings and body
  • bloated abdomens
  • dysentery
19
Q

Type 2 paralysis symptoms of CPV

A
  • black robbers or little blacks
  • guard bees prevent their return to colony like robber bees
20
Q

Which bees are seemingly unaffected by the sacbrood virus

A

drones are seemingly unaffected and adults been without signs of the disease

21
Q

Which bees are most susceptible to SBV

A

larvae of about 2 days old but older are most susceptible

22
Q

Symptoms of SBV

A

larva lay along the base of the cell in a banana or gondola shape

23
Q

Why do larvae die in SBV

A

unable to shed their last larval skin and fail to pupate due to fluid accumulation

24
Q

Colour change of larvae affected with SBV

A
  • from pearly white to pale yellow
  • darkens around head and thoracic region when the larvae die
25
Q

Infected bees with SBV

A

will fly and forage much earlier in life than usual but fail to collect pollen as the hypopharyngeal glands degenerate

26
Q

What bees does the deformed wing virus affect

A

workers as well as in brood

27
Q

Vector of deformed wing virus

A

Varroa destructor

28
Q

Symptoms of DWV

A
  • deformed or poorly developed shrunken wings
  • decreased body size and discolouration in adult bees
29
Q

Which bees does the cloudy wing virus affect

A

mainly in workers, brood too

30
Q

Symptoms of cloudy wing virus

A

marked loos of transparency of the wings

31
Q

Which bees does the kashmir bee virus affect

A

mainly workers and larvar

32
Q

Symptoms of KBV

A

resembling an infection with american foulbrood or european foulbrood
can cause bee mortality within 3 days

33
Q

Which bees does the black queen cell virus affect

A
  • adult bees
  • praepupae
34
Q

what is the BQCV associated with

A

Nosema sp.

35
Q

Symptoms of the BQCV

A
  • Queen larva or pre-pupae die after they have been sealed
  • dark brown or black queen cells containing dead prepupae
36
Q

The only DNA virus we only know:

A

filamentous

37
Q

Symptoms of filamentous virus

A

haemolymph becomes milky white

38
Q

Characteristics pf chronic bee paralysis associate

A
  • might be satellite of CPVA)
  • more evident in queens than in workers
39
Q

Bee virus X characteristics

A
  • related to virus Y
  • occurs in adults
  • special association to malphighamoeba mellificae
40
Q

Slow paralysis virus SYMPTOMS:

A

paralysis of the anterior two pairs of legs for a day or two before death

41
Q

Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) symptoms:

A
  • paralysis
42
Q

how do you diagnose viral infections

A

PCR

Bee hygiene (19 decks)

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