7. european foulbrood

Question 1

latin

Answer 1

putrificatio polybacteritica lavarum

Question 2

where is it found

Answer 2

all continents

Question 3

where has it never occurred

Answer 3

new zealand

Question 4

is it notifiable

Answer 4

yes to OIE

Question 5

Pathogen

Answer 5

melissococcus - bacillus
streptococcus plutonius

Question 6

Which is the infective stage?

Answer 6

vegetative?

Question 7

characteristics of the bacteria

Answer 7

non spore
gram positive

Question 8

what does it need to grow

Answer 8

carbon dioxide

Question 9

survival

Answer 9

up to several years in cells

Question 10

virulence

Answer 10

less virulent than paenibacillus larvae ( AFB)

Question 11

types of strains

Answer 11

typical and atypical

Question 12

who carry the bacteria

Answer 12

adult bees

Question 13

what can also spread the pathogen

Answer 13

varroae mites

Question 14

3 secondary invaders

Answer 14

achromabacter eurydice
enterococcus faecalis
paenibacillus alvei

Question 15

what type of smell does enterococcus faecalis have:

Answer 15

sour smel

Question 16

odour of paenibacillus alvei

Answer 16

foul

Question 17

roles of the secondary bacteria

Answer 17

unclear

Question 18

pathogenesis in larvae

Answer 18

susceptible at any stage of their unscaled life

Question 19

when are larvae killed

Answer 19

4-5 day old larvae killed before they are capped

Question 20

infected larvae that survive produce what

Answer 20

subnormal weight and spin feeble cocoons

Question 21

major symptoms

Answer 21

often none

Question 22

shape of infected larvae

Answer 22

curled upwards in the uncapped cell and then they die

Question 23

dead larvae morphology

Answer 23

flaccid
brownish greyish black

Question 24

death of larvae after the cell is sealed

Answer 24

resulting in sunken capping resembling AFB

Question 25

*when is EFB more problematic*

Answer 25

where forage nectar is sporadic or fewer nurse bees in colonies to feed larvae

Question 26

*outbreak during brood rearing suddenly increases when?*

Answer 26

when severly infected larvae have insufficient glandular food - royal jelly

Question 27

*prevalence of the disease*

Answer 27

more common in small weak colonies because they grow quicker

Question 28

*main characteristics of EFB*

Answer 28

sour or no smell black brown rubbery scale before capped twist dull

Question 29

*characteristics of AFB*

Answer 29

sulfur or chicken house smell brown black brittle after capped chocolate brown black

Question 30

*diagnosis*

Answer 30

smell - ammonia like colour larvae - twisted and uncapped and become a brown semi liquid mass roppings test

Question 31

*ropiness tests*

Answer 31

differentiates between EFB and AFB

Question 32

*Lab diagnostics*

Answer 32

isolation of pathogen from larvae or pupae

Question 33

*what happens if M plutonius acts alone*

Answer 33

infected larvae detected and ejected by nurse bees

Question 34

therapy if weak

Answer 34

stimulate hygiene behaviour of bees - by placing near good foraging site or feeding with honey/sugar wate

Question 35

therapy if strong

Answer 35

remove infected brood combs to prevent spread

Question 36

*treatment if both AFB AND EFB*

Answer 36

No treatment