Bee questions 1 Flashcards
Life of a queen:
- 16 days (3 + 5 + 8)
Life of a drone
- 24 days (3 + 7 + 14)
The dance of the bee
It’s a way bees show each other where they have found nectar and pollen.
With the help of the location of the sun and the gravity they can signal to other
workers where they need to go.
* Round dance and waggle dance
What does Nosema infect?
- It’s a parasitic infection in adults (mostly workers but also queen and drones)
- It affects the epithelium of the mid-gut
What colours does the bees see, and which do they not see?
- They can see UV light, but not red light - it looks black to them
For how many hours can you lock the beehive?
- For maximum of 72 hours
How long do you have to boil the comb?
- On 49 degrees C for 24 hours to get rid of all stages of wax moths.
Which diseases belong to the OIE-B?
- Acarapiosis of bees
- American and European foul brood
- Nosemosis of bees
- Varroosis
- Asian mite: Tropilaelaps clareae, T. Mercedesae
What is honeydew?
It is a classification of honey that refers to honey produced by honeybees
collecting nectar that is exuded from another insect such as an aphid or scale
insect. Very common is the one from black forest in Germany.
When do the bees produce the most wax?
- When they want to build and strengthen the comb and produce more cells.
- Mostly between 12-17 days
When did they first observe Varroa destructor in Hungary?
- 1978 in Hungary (1970s in Europe)
Which disease smells sour?
EFB (European foul brood) gives sour smell of the larvae
Which disease causes a gondola like scale?
SBV (Sacbrood virus) - cause a dried out larva with this shape
How many days are needed for the larvae to develop from the egg?
- 3 days
Write the tasks of the workers
- 1-2 days - cleaning of cells
- 3-5 days - feeding older larvae
- 6-11 days - feeding younger larvae
- 12-17 days - comb construction
- 18-21 days - gardening, defending function
- From 22nd day - foraging for pollen and nectar
How many brood cells can be collected from 10 x 10 comb?
800 - 850 brood cells (300-350gram honey)
Treatment and prevention of Nosemosis apium?
Treatment: Fumagillin or other antibiotics and disinfection of the hives and
combs (if no honey or pollen is present formalin or acetic acid can be used)
Prevention: Move the colonies to a new place in the autumn, give sufficient
syrup and disinfect the hives and combs
When does Nosemosis occur?
At the end of winter and in spring time
List the names of the European and Indian honey bees?
- European: Apis mallifera
- Indian: Apis ceran
What is the pathogen of chalk brood?
- Ascosphaera apis (Pericystis apis)
Which are zoonotic?
Stone brood disease: Aspergillus fumigates and A. flavus
Write 4 names of drugs to treat Varroosis?
- Amitraz (Apivar)
- Cymazol (Apitol)
- Perizin
- Fluvalinat (Apistan)
- Flumetrin (Bayvarol)
- Formic acid - mite treatment in winter
Diagnostic method of American Foulbrood?
- Inspection of the combs and the dead larvae
- Studying of scales in UV light
- When a dry scale is put in 6 drops of warm milk(74 degrees C) milk curdles
within a minute (in healthy it takes 13 minutes) - Staining of spores with methylene blue
- Cultivate the bacteria in Colombia agar and CO2
- Can also use PCR
Two types of CPV (Chronic paralysis virus)?
Type 1 = Isle of Wight disease
- Abnormal trembling of wings and body, dislocated wings (fail to fly), bloated
abdomen due to distention of honey sac with liquid. - Dysentry- die within a few days
Type 2 = Black robbers (little blacks)
* Become hairless and appear dark/black and shiny
* Guard bees prevent them from entering hive
* Become trembly, flightless and soon die
Write 2 secondary bacteria causing foul odour and sour smell?
- Bacterium eurydice
- Strep. faecalis (causes the most sour smell)
- Paenibacillus alvei - produce foul odour
- Bacillus laterosporus
Write the name of wax moth
- Greater wax moth = Galleria melonella
- Lesser wax moth = Achrois grisella
- Mediterranean flour moth = Anagasta kuehniella
What are the larval glands?
- Only have the spinning gland
What is bee louse?
Braula coeca
* It is a brown wingless fly, found on the bodies of workers and queens
(occasionally drones as well)
- They take food from the mouth of bees
What is the sac brood virus?
- Viral infection that infects the young larvae. Nurse bees that are infected will
infect the larvae through the food. - Larva can not shed their last skin, fluid accumulates between larva and skin,
body colour changes from white to yellow and becomes dry = gondola shaped
scale
List 4 instrument for bee keeping?
- Hive - rectangular frames with combs
- Queen excluder - grids
- Extractor - centrifugate
- Uncapper fork - electrical heated knife
Honey enzymes and where is it produced?
- Invertase, diastate.
Produced in the pharyngeal gland
What is milk test?
A method to diagnose American foul brood:
Put a dry scale into 6 drops of
warm milk (76 degrees C) and check if it curdles. If it does within a minute =
positive. Normally it takes 13 minutes
What is milk test?
A method to diagnose American foul brood:
Put a dry scale into 6 drops of
warm milk (76 degrees C) and check if it curdles. If it does within a minute =
positive. Normally it takes 13 minutes
Taxonomy of bees?
Hymenoptera order —> Aculeata —> Apidae family —> Apis
Which Varroa species live where?
- The Korean haplotype = Varroa destructor: Most common worldwide
- Africa, Europe, Middle East, Asia America
- The Japan-Thailand haplotype: Varroa jacobsoni
- Japan, Thailand, America
Life of the workers
- 21 days (3 + 6 + 12)
- 1-2 days - cleaning of cells
- 3-5 days - feeding older larvae
- 6-11 days - feeding younger larvae
- 12-17 days - comb construction
- 18-21 days - gardening, defending function
- From 22nd day - foraging for pollen and nectar
Where do you see the symptoms of Ascaphaerosis larvarum? (chalk brood)
Larvas eat the spores and they penetrate the gut wall and cuticle of the thorax.
Larva becomes fluffy and swollen and covered in white cotton like mycelium.
The larva in the cell resembles a chunk of chalk.
Fruiting bodies can be seen on the dead larvas. Larva dies within the first 2 days after their cell has been capped.
Pathogen of chalk brood?
- Ascosphaera apis (pericystis apis)
Name 2 wasp species?
- Philantus triangulum = Bee wolf
- Vespa crabro = Horse wasp
Which diagnostic method is used to detect nosema?
- Microscopic examination of dead adults and their digestive tracts
- In infected bees the ventriculus is white, soft and swollen
- PCR
Which diagnostic methods are used to detect sacbrood?
- The findings of dried larvae with flattened gondola shaped scales
The varroa males are found on?
Only in capped cells, where they will mate with a female and then die.
They prefer drone brood.
Where do the varroa overwinter?
On the adult bees, while they feed on heamolymph
Treatment of wax moth?
- Cleaning of hives in frequent intervals
- Acetic acid can be used for fumigating combs, but formic acid is needed to kill the larvae
- Heat the combs in 40 degrees C for 24 hours to kill all stages
What is the distance of/how big is the locational quarantine?
- They should be kept 3km or more away from the areas that are going to be sprayed with insecticides
What causes the spring septicaemia?
The Americal foul brood
How long is the monitoring of foul brood?
- 60 days
How does the bee show the place of food to others if it is within 100 meters radius?
Round dance
