2. morphology and life cycle of the honey bee Flashcards
what genitals does a queen have
- set of ovaries
- spermatheca - stores sperm after mating
the sting of the queen
not barbed like a workers sting
what does the queen lack
lacks the glands that produce beewax ( wax gland)
how many eggs can a queen lay per day
nearly 2000 eggs per day
what is queen substance
pheromones that regulate behaviour of workers
how long can a queen live for
up to 5 years
what sex are drone bees
male
How do drones develop
from an unfertilized egg with one set of chromosome
stinger of drone bees
they have no stinger
when are drones not a few hundreds in a colony?
autumn and winter
when are the drones forced out of hive?
in autumn
what is the function of drone bees
mate with virgin queens and die
what sex are worker bees
female
how can you tell if its a worker bee
smaller than queen and drones about 15mm in length
are workers fertile
not fertile and do not lay eggs
morphological specialization of worker bees
pollen basket
abdominal glands producing beewax
brood feeding glands aka royal jelly
sting with barbs
task of worker bees 1-3 days
cleaning of cells
task of worker bees 3-6 days
feeding older larvae
task of worker bees 7-11 days
feeding younger larvae
task of worker bees 12-17 days
comb construction from wax
task of worker bees 18-21 days-
gardening defending functions
task of worker bees from the 22nd day
foraging for pollen and nectar
how long do worker bees live in summer
4-6 weeks
how long do worker bees live in winter
4-5 months
eyes:
3 ocelli
2 oculus compositus
how many eyes do drones have
9500
how many eyes do other bees have
4500
vision of bees
they can detect UV light but not the colour red
how is the mouth part?
chewing-lapping mouthparts
tipped with a spoon-shaped Glossa
in which bees are proboscis the longest
in workers
how many pairs of wings do they have
2 pairs
what is the first segment in abdomen
- Digestive tube
- honey vesicle
- honey crop
- proventriculus
- true stomach
- hindgut
the honey crop
stores nectar without digesting it
proventriculus (muscular valve)
closed to prevent nectar from passing into stomach
the true stomach
- primary digestion site for pollen and nectar
- twice the length of the bees body and is curled
Exceretion system
Malphigian tubes (150)
the hindgut
composed of intestines and rectum
how many spiracles do bees have
3 pairs
how many chambers does a bee have in the heart
5 chambers plus an aorta
do bees have blood coagulation
no
what kind of glands do larvae have
only labial/spinning glands so NO hypopharyngeal glands
in which bees can you find hypopharyngeal glands
only in workers - most active in young bees to make royal jelly
what gland does the queen have
queen mandibular gland which produces queen products
purpose of rectal glands
regulation of water content of feces
what are nasonov/odour glands
signals location used by guard bees
in which bees can we find dofour glands
only in females - queen and workers
what is honeybees venom known as
apitoxin
what is the alarm pheromone
koschevnikov gland - released when a bee stings another animal to attract the other bees to the location
drone mandicular pheromone
attracts other flying drones to suitable site for mating with virgin queens
what is dufours gland pheromone
allows worker bees to distinguish b/w eggs laid by the queen
what is footprint pheromone
left by bees when they walk
what is forager pheromone
released by older forager bees to slow maturing of nurse bee
what is nasonov pheromone
emitted by works used for orientation and recruitment
what is on the end of the female bees abdomen
ovipositor - stinger
life cycle of a bee
holometamorphosis
what do diploid eggs become
queens or workers
what do haploid eggs become
drones
how many larval stages does a bee have
5 stages
how long does it take for a queen to mature
16 days (3 + 5 + 8 )
how long does is take a worker bee to mature
21 days (3 + 6 + 12)
how long does it take a drone bee to mature
24 days ( 3 + 7 + 14)
