Basic Principles Flashcards
most important limiting factor for permeation
lipid diffusion
Through whivh blood vessels do drugs administered SL pass before reaching the heart?
lingual vein ➝ IJV ➝ brachiocephalic (innominate) vein ➝ SVC ➝ RA
Type of antagonist
NE and phenoxybenzamine
non comp/ irrevesible
Type of antagonist
histamine and epi
physiologic
Type of antagonist
propranolol and TH
physiologic
Type of antagonist
dimercaprol for lead poisoning
chemical
Type of antagonist
pralidoxime for organophoshate poisoning
chemical
idiosyncratic response to chloramphenicol
aplastic anemia
idiosyncratic response to allopurinol
cataracts
half life formula
(0.693 x Vd) /Clearance
teratogenic effect of ACE inhibitors
fetal renal damage
teratogenic effect of antiepileptic drugs
neural tube defects
teratogenic effect of phenytoin
fetal hydantoin syndrome
teratogenic effect of oral hypoglycemic agents
neonatal hypoglycemia
teratogenic effect of barbiturates
neonatal dependence
teratogenic effect of DES
vaginal clear cell CA
teratogenic effect of lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly
teratogenic effect of isotretinoin
craniofacial malformations
teratogenic effect of iodide
congenital hypothyroidism
teratogenic effect of misoprostol
Mobius sequence
teratogenic effect of penicillamine
cutis laxa
teratogenic effect of tetracycline
tooth discoloration
teratogenic effect of methimazole
aplasia cutis congenita
teratogenic effect of sulfonamides
kernicterus
teratogenic effect of fluoroquinolones
cartilage damage
teratogenic effect of warfarin
1st: chondroysplasia
2nd: CNS malformations
3rd: bleeding diathesis
in vitro test for mutagenicity
Ames test
- uses a special strain of Salmonella
- loss of dependence ➝ mutation
in vivo test for mutagenicity
dominant lethal test
clinical phase trial?
is it safe? pharmacokinetics? 20-100 subjects
Phase 1
clinical phase trial?
does i work in patients? 100-200 patients
Phase 2
clinical phase trial?
does it work, double blind? 1000-6000 patients
Phase 3
