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07_Pharmacology > Antibiotic Agents > Flashcards

Antibiotic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Mnemonics: Bactericidal antibiotics

A

Very Finely Proficient at Murder!

Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Metronidazole

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2
Q

Mnemonics: Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

We’re ECStatic about bacteriostatics!

Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sufamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

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3
Q

MOA of Beta lactam abx

A

binds to PBP located in cytoplasmic membrane

inhibits transpeptidation rxn that crosslinks linear peptidoglycan chain of the cell wall

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4
Q

DOC for syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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5
Q

Renal tubular reabsorption of Pen G is inhibited by

A

Probenecid

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6
Q

Antimicrobial coverage of extended spectrum penicillins

A

Amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci

Haemophilus influenza 
E. coli 
Listeria monocytogenes 
Proteus mirabilis 
Salmonella sp. 
Enterococci
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7
Q

Mnemonics: Anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

TCP
Take care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin, Cabenicillin, Piperacillin

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8
Q

All cephalosporins have renal excretion except

A

Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone

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9
Q

Which microbes are covered by first gen cephalosporins?

A

PEcK FIRST

Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

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10
Q

Mnemonics: First gen cephalosporins

A

FaDER, help me FAZ my PHarmacology boards!

CeFADroxil 
CeFAZolin
CePHalothin 
CePHapirin 
CePHradine
CePHalexin
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11
Q

Mnemonics: 2nd gen cephalosporins coverage

A

HEN PEcKS

H. influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseira spp.

Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Serratia

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12
Q

Mnemonics: 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

In a FAMily gathering, you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA
-CeFAMandole, ceFOXitin, CeFURoxime, CefoTEtan

FAC! LORA the PROfessional AZhole is still on the FONe
-CeFAClor, LORAcarbef, CefPROzil, CefmetAZOLE, CeFONicid

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13
Q

DOC for gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefixime

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14
Q

Anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins

A

Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefoperazone

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15
Q

Given with imipenem to prevent its breakdown

A

Cilastatin

dihydropeptidase enzyme inhibitor

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16
Q

Class and MOA of Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide
inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-ala-D-ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan -> inhibit transglycosylation -> prev elongation & crosslinking of peptidoglycan chain

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17
Q

Mnemonics: Drugs of Last Resort

A

I AM your Last Shot at Victory

Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem
Linezolid, Streptogramins, Vancomycin

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18
Q

Class and MOA of Chloramphenicol

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor

inhibits transpeptidation at 50s subunit

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19
Q

Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic but is bactericidal to what organisms?

A

H. influenza, Neisseria, Bacteroides, and Strep penumoniae

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20
Q

Mechanism of gray baby syndrome

A

infants have low level of hepatic glucoronosyl transferase to metabolize chloramphenicol

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21
Q

All tetracyclines excreted renally except

A

Doxycycline (bile)

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22
Q

Mnemonics for Tetracycline

A

T=TeTracyclines

Block aTTachment of T-RNA to acceptor site
Teeth-racycline= tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration

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23
Q

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

A

Azithromycin

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24
Q

Narrowest therapeutic index among aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

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25
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

bind to 30s subunit and interfere with protein synthesis:

  • block formation of initiation complex
  • cause misreading of codon
  • inhibit translocation
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26
Q

Mnemonics: Aminoglycosides

A

Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes

Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogen

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27
Q

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic AG

A

Gentamicin and Tobramycin

28
Q

MOA of Sulfonamides

A

bacteriostatic inhibitors of folic acid synthesis

competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase

29
Q

only for lower UTI

A

Sulfisoxazole

30
Q

DOC for Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine

31
Q

2nd line agent for Malaria

A

Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine

32
Q

Used for lower UTI, may be safely given to px with sulfonamide allergy

A

Trimethoprim

33
Q

Co-administered with Leucovorin to limit bone marrow toxicity

A

Pyrimethamine

34
Q

MOA of Quinolones

A

interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting:

  1. Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in gram neg, prev relaxation of supercoiled DNA
  2. Topoisomerase IV- in gram positive, interferes with separation of replicated chromosomal DNA during cell division
35
Q

Widest spectrum of activity among FQs

A

Trovafloxacin

36
Q

DOC for amoebiasis, giardiasis, and pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole

37
Q

Class and MOA of Metronidazole

A

Nitroimidazole, antiprotozoal

reactive reduction of ferrodoxin -> forming free radicals that disrupt ETC

38
Q

MOA of Isoniazid

A

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

39
Q

MOA of pyrazinamide

A

inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

40
Q

Mnemonics: The Rs of Rifampicin

A

RNA pol inhibitor
Red-orange body fluids
Rapid dev of resistance
Revs up cyt P450

41
Q

Mnemonics: Which anti-TB drugs are hepatotoxic?

A

ISO a RED PYre

Isoniazid < Rifampin < Pyrazinamide

42
Q

MOA of ethambutol

A

inibits arabinosyl transferases involved in arabinogalactan in mycobacterial cell wall

43
Q

Class and MOA of Amphotericin B

A

Antifungal (polyene)

Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, forming artificial pores, fungicidal

44
Q

has WIDEST antifungal spectrum

A

Amphotericin B

45
Q

BROADEST spectrum triazole, one with only activity against Rhizopus sp (mucormycosis)

A

Posaconazole

46
Q

Mnemonics: NNRTIs

A

Never Ever Deliver Nucleosides

Nevirapine, Efavirenz/Etravirine, Delavirdine

47
Q

Mnemonics: Protease inhibitors

A

NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE

All protease inhibitors end with -navir

48
Q

Mnemonics: Amantadine

A

A man to dine takes off his coat
(Amantadine prevents uncoating)
Amantadine: for influenza A and rubellA causes problems with cerebellA

49
Q

DOC for Influenza

A

oseltamivir

50
Q

DOC for malaria in pregnant patients

51
Q

MOA and use of Atovaquone-Proguanil

A

Atovaquone-disrupts mitochondrial ETC, schizonticide
Proguanil-inhibits folate synthesis, sporonticide
Tx and chemoprophylaxis for all stages of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

52
Q

DOC for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in PH

A

Arthemether-Lumefantrine

53
Q

Mnemonics: Luminal Amebicides

A

DIP

Diloxanide, Iodoquinol, Paromomycin

54
Q

DOC for asymptomatic cyst carriers of E. hystolytica

A

Diloxanide furoate

55
Q

DOC for Cryptosporidiosis

A

Nitazoxanide

56
Q

DOC for prophylaxis and tx of Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine

57
Q

DOC for African Sleeping sickness

A

Melarsoprol

58
Q

DOC for Chagas Disease

A

Nifurtimox

59
Q

DOC for advanced West African sleeping sickness

A

Eflornithine

60
Q

DOC for Leishmaniasis except in India

A

Na stibogluconate

61
Q

DOC Hydatid disease

A

Albendazole

62
Q

DOC whipworm infections

A

Mebendazole

63
Q

DOC Trichinosis

A

Thiabendazole

64
Q

DOC Filariasis and eye worm disease

A

Diethylcarbamazine

65
Q

DOC Strongyloidiasis

A

Ivermectin

66
Q

DOC pinworm infections

A

Pyrantel pamoate

67
Q

DOC trematodes and cestodes

A

Praziquantel

07_Pharmacology (13 decks)

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