Basic Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
What are Cells?
The basic unit of all living things (bacteria, plants, animals and humans)
What is Protoplasm?
Jellylike fluid containing nutrient material necessary for cell growth , reproduction and self repair
What are the two types of Protoplasm?
Nucleoplasm and Cytoplasm
What is Nucleoplasm?
Fluid within nucleus containing protein
What is Cytoplasm?
All the protoplasm found in cell outside nucleus
What are Organelles?
Small organs
What is the Nucleus?
Dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. Contains nucleoplasm and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
What is the Mitochondria?
Organelles floating throughout cell that take in nutrients, break them down and create energy
What Adenosine Triphosphate?
ATP is chemical energy used within cells for metabolism
What is the Cell Membrane?
The part of the cell that encases/encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave. It protects the cell from its surroundings and communicates with other cells, linking alike cells together forming tissue
What is Mitosis?
The process of cell reproduction and occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called “daughter cells”
What is Metabolism?
Complex chemical process which converts nutrients to energy and eliminates waste
What is Anabolism?
Constructive metabolism building up of larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process the body stores water, food and oxygen for growth repair
What is Catabolism?
Breaking down of complex compounds to smaller ones. Cells consume what they’ve absorbed
