basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 1

what does damage to vestibulocerebellum (vestibulocerebellar syndrome) cause

Answer 1

syndrome similar to vestibular disease, leading to gait ataxia and tendency to fail (even when patient sitting and eyes open)

Question 2

what is damage to spinocerebellum associated with

Answer 2

degeneration and atrophy associated with chronic alcoholism

Question 3

what does damage to spinocerebellum (spinocerebellar syndrome) mainly affect

Answer 3

legs, causes abnormal gait and stance (wide-based)

Question 4

what is damage to cerebrocerebellum (cerebrocerebellar/lateral cerebellar syndrome) affect

Answer 4

mainly arms/skilled coordinated movements (tremor) and speech

Question 5

when are deficits apparent, and 5 main signs of cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 5

deficits apparent only on movement: ataxia, dysmetria, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, scanning speech

Question 6

what is ataxia

Answer 6

general impairments in movement coordination and accuracy, causing disturbances of posture or gait: wide-based, staggering (“drunken”) gait

Question 7

what is dysmetria

Answer 7

inappropriate force and distance for target-directed movements e.g. knocking over a cup rather than grabbing it

Question 8

what is intention tremor

Answer 8

increasingly oscillatory trajectory of a limb in a target-directed movement (common test is nose-finger tracking); tremor as they think about doing a movement

Question 9

what is dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 9

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements, e.g. rapidly pronating and supinating hands and forearms

Question 10

feature of scanning speech and what is it due to

Answer 10

staccato as impaired coordination of speech muscles