BARRON7: Cognition Part 2 Flashcards
“Studies show that NEURONS can .. CONNECTIONS b/w each other. Thru repeated FIRINGS, the connections strengthen and the RECEIVING NEURON becomes more .. to MESSAGES from the sending neurons. This STRENGTHENED CONNECTION might be related to the CONNECTIONS we make in our .. .. memory.”
- -> PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
- STRENGTHEN
- SENSITIVE
- LONG TERM
ELEMENTS of LANGUAGE (3)
- SYNTAX
- MORPHEME
- PHONEME
“smallest unit of sound used in a language”
- PHONEME
English speakers use approximately .. PHONEMES
- 44
“smallest unit of MEANINGFUL sound” e.g. a, but, “an-“, “pre-“…
- MORPHEME
So language consists of .. put together to become .., which make up words. These words are then spoken or written in a PARTICULAR ORDER, called ..
- PHONEMES
- MORPHEMES
- SYNTAX
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STAGES (2)
- HOLOPHRASTIC/ONE WORD STAGE
- TELEGRAPHIC/TWO-WORD STAGE
“Mark hitted my head to so I throwed the truck at him” misapplication of grammar rules.
- OVERGENERALIZATION/OVERREGULATION
NOAM CHOMSKY?
- theorized that humans are born with a LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE, the ability to learn a language rapidly as children
“he theorized that a CRITICAL PERIOD for learning language may exist.”
- NOAM CHOMSKY
BENJAMIN WHORF?
- theorized that the language we use might control, and in some ways limit, our thinking –> LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS
“what we think is the most TYPICAL EXAMPLE of a particular CONCEPT”
- PROTOTYPE
DESCRIBING THOUGHT (2)
- CONCEPTS BASED OFF OF PROTOTYPES
- IMAGES –> mental pictures (sound, smell, image…)
AN ALGORITHM is a RULE that .. the right SOLUTION by using a .. or other foolproof method.
- GUARANTEES
- FORMULA
“For example, if you are trying to guess a password, you might begin by guessing actual five-letter WORDS rather than random combinations of letters. The password might be a meaningless combination of letters, but you know that passwords are MOST OFTEN actual words. This .. limits the possible combinations dramatically.”
- HEURISTIC