5 (BARRON): States of Consciousness Flashcards
DUALISTS believe…
- HUMANS (and the UNIVERSE in general) consist of TWO MATERIALS: THOUGHT and MATTER
COMPETING PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES of CONSCIOUSNESS (2)
- DUALISM
- MONISM
DUALISTS BELIEVE in … … Some even maintain that THOUGHT is … and continues existing after the … and … DIE
- FREE WIL
- ETERNAL
- BRAIN
- BODY
….. believe EVERYTHING is the SAME SUBSTANCE. THOUGHT is a … … of …. … and STOPS … when the BODY DIES.
- MONISTS
- BY-PRODUCT
- BRAIN PROCESSES
- EXISTING
PYSCHOLOGISTS define CONSCIOUSNESS as our LEVEL of …. about … and our …
- AWARENESS
- OURSELVES
- ENVIRONMENT
CONCEPTS that DESCRIBE LEVELS of CONSCIOUSNESS (3)
- MERE-EXPOSURE EFFECT
- PRIMING
- BLIND SIGHT
“occurs when we PREFER … we have … … over NOVEL .., even if we do not … … seeing the old stimuli.
- MERE EXPOSURE EFFECT
- STIMULI
- SEEN BEFORE
- CONSCIOUSLY REMEMBER
“research participants respond more … and/or … to QUESTIONS they have … …, even if they do not … seeing them.”
- PRIMING
- QUICKLY
- ACCURATELY
- SEEN BEFORE
- REMEMBER
“Some people who report to be … can accurately describe the … of a … … or accurately … objects they say they … …”
- BLINDSIGHT
- BLIND
- PATH
- MOVING OBJECT
- GRASP
- CANNOT SEE
LEVELS of CONSCIOUSNESS (5)
- CONSCIOUS LEVEL
- NONCONSCIOUS LEVEL
- PRECONSCIOUS LEVEL
- SUBCONSCIOUS LEVEL
- UNCONSCIOUS LEVEL
“Recalling a favorite toy as a child.”
- PRECONSCIOUS LEVEL
“Level of consciousness that controls heartbeat, respiration, digestion and so on…”
- NONCONSCIOUS LEVEL
“PRIMING and MERE-EXPOSURE EFFECT come from…”
- SUBCONSCIOUS LEVEL
“…. analysts believe some EVENTS and FEELINGS are … to our conscious mind and are REPRESSED into the … mind”
- PSYCHOANALYTIC
- UNACCEPTABLE
- UNCONSCIOUS
“The period when we fall asleep. The stage between … and …”
- SLEEP ONSET
- WAKEFULNESS
- SLEEP
“Our brain produces … when we are DROWSY but AWAKE.”
- ALPHA WAVES
REM stands for…
- RAPID EYE MOVEMENT
REM SLEEP is sometimes called … … since our brain waves appear as … and … as they do when we are AWAKE
- PARADOXICAL
- ACTIVE
- INTENSE
Stages 3 and 4 is sometimes called … …
- DELTA SLEEP
DELTA SLEEP seems to be very important in … the body’s … …, releasing … … in children, and … our … …
- REPLENISHING
- CHEMICAL SUPPLIES
- GROWTH HORMONES
- FORTIFYING
- IMMUNE SYSTEM
SLEEP DISORDERS (5)
- INSOMNIA
- NARCOLEPSY
- SLEEP APNEA
- NIGHT TERRORS
- SOMNAMBULISM
… suffer from periods of INTENSE SLEEPINESS and may fall asleep at UNPREDICTABLE and INAPPROPRIATE times. They may fall into REM sleep regardless of what they are doing.
- NARCOLEPTICS
… causes a person to stop breathing for short periods of time during the night
- APNEA
DREAM THEORIES (3)
- FREUDIAN THEORY
- ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS THEORY
- INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY
… … is the LITERAL content of our DREAMS.
- MANIFEST CONTENT
“Unconscious meaning of the MANIFEST CONTENT.”
- LATENT CONTENT
This theory proposes that perhaps dreams are nothing more than the brains interpretations of what is happening PHYSIOLOGICALLY during REM SLEEP.
- ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS THEORY
“DREAMS may be stories made up by the LITERARY PART of our mind caused by the INTENSE BRAIN ACTIVITY during REM SLEEP.”
- ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS theory
“This theory will point out that stress during the day will increase the number and intensity of dreams during the night.”
- INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY
“Perhaps the brain is dealing with DAILY STRESS and INFORMATION during REM SLEEP.”
- INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY
THREE THEORIES that explain HYPNOSIS (3)
- ROLE THEORY
- STATE THEORY
- DISSOCIATION THEORY
posthypnotic amnesia (1)
- when people report FORGETTING EVENTS that occurred while they were hypnotized
posthypnotic suggestion (1)
- a suggestion that a hypnotized person BEHAVE in a CERTAIN WAY after he or she is brought out of hypnosis
“This theory points out that some people are more easily hypnotized than others, a characteristic called … …”
- HYPNOTIC SUGGESTABILITY
ROLE THEORY
People with high hypnotic suggestability tend to .. (3)
- have richer FANTASY LIVES
- FOLLOW DIRECTIONS WELL
- be able to FOCUS on a single task for a long period of time
“This theory points out that hypnosis meets some parts of the of the definition of an ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS”
- STATE THEORY
“In addition, some people report dramatic HEALTH BENEFITS, such as PAIN CONTROL and reduction in specific PHYSICAL AILMENTS.”
- STATE THEORY
Reseacher … … explained hypnosis in his DISSOCIATION THEORY
- ERNEST HILGARD
“One part of our consciousness responds to the SUGGESTIONS OF THE HYPNOTIST, while the other part/level retains AWARENESS OF REALITY.”
- DISSOCIATION THEORY
HILGARD asked hypnotized participants to put their arm in an … … …
- ICE WATER BATH
Normally, the brain is PROTECTED from HARMFUL CHEMICALS in the bloodstrean by THICKER WALLS surrounding the brain’s BLOOD VESSELS. This is called the … … …
- BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
AGONISTS (1)
- drugs that mimic neurotransmitters
ANTAGONISTS (1)
- drugs that BLOCK NEUROTRANSMITTERS
“Physiological change that produces a need for MORE of the main drug in order to achieve the same effect.”
- TOLERANCE
TOLERANCE will eventually cause … SYMPTOMS in users
- WITHDRAWAL
PSYCHOACTIVE drugs (1)
- CHEMICALS that change the CHEMISTRY of the BRAIN and induce an ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
TYPES of PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS (4)
- STIMULANTS
- DEPRESSANTS
- HALLUCINOGENS
- OPIATES
EXAMPLES of STIMULANTS (4)
- CAFFEINE
- COCAINE
- AMPHETAMINES
- NICOTINE
VALIUM is an …. ….
- ANTIANXIETY DRUG
EXAMPLES of DEPRESSANTS (4)
- ALCHOHOL
- BARBITURATES
- TRANQUILIZERS
- ANTI ANXIETY DRUGS
EXAMPLES of HALLUCINOGENS (4)
- LSD
- MUSHROOMS
- MARIJUANA
EXAMPLES of OPIATES (4)
- MORPHINE
- HEROINE
- METHADONE
- CODEINE
OPIATES act as … for endorphins and thusbare powerful ….. and … elevators
- AGONISTS
- PAINKILLERS
- MOOD
HALLUCINOGENS causes changes in PERCEPTIONS of reality, including (3)
- SENSORY HALLUCINATIONS
- LOSS OF IDENTITY
- VIVID FANTASIES
DEPRESSANTS slow down the SAME BODY SYSTEMS that …. speed up.
- STIMULANTS
STIMULANTS SPEED UP BODY PROCESSES, including … … .., functions such as … and … rate
- AUTONOMIC NS
- HEART
- RESPIRATION
