Barron's: Chapter 24 - Chinese and Korean Art

Question 1

Time Period

Answer 1

• From Prehistoric Times to the Present

Question 2

Essential Knowledge

Answer 2

• Ancient ceramics survive from China and India
• Religious beliefs developed locally, but spread throughout Asia
• Rich artistic traditions were exchanged throughout the great civilizations of Asia
• Ancient belief systems, called Indic, spread throughout the region, eventually developing into religions like Hinduism and Buddhism
• Buddhism spread through east Asia. Chinese religions were influenced by Buddhism and stressed living in harmony with nature and one another. Daoism and Confucianism emphasized living ethically within society’s boundaries.
• Buddhism is a visual art form, noted for its religious images and narratives
• Islam, Christianity, and ancient European cultures play a role in Asian art
• Architecture is best expressed by religious temples, shrines, and rock-cut caves
• Chinese art is characterized by paintings on scrolls with limited color
• There is a wide range of materials used in this region
• Uniquely Asian art forms include Buddhist and Hindu images and buildings
• Calligraphy is a central art form in Chinese art
• The Silk Road was key to the spread of artistic styles
• Asian art shows evidence of the interconnectivity of regional school with the wider world
• Asian art heavily influenced the art of Europe

Question 3

Forbidden Cit

Answer 3

• fifteenth century
• Ming Dynasty
• stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, ceramic tile
• Beijing, China
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Centers of Power
  
  • Versailles
  • Nan Madol
  • Barry and Pugin, Houses of Parliament

Question 4

Funeral Banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)

Answer 4

• 180 B.C.E.
• painted silk
• Hunan Provincial Museum, Changsha
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Fabric Arts
  
  • Hiapo
  • All-T’oqapu Tunic
  • Ringgold, Dancing at the Louvre

Question 5

Travelers among Mountains and Streams

Answer 5

• Fan Kuan
• c. 1000
• ink on silk
• National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Figures Set in Landscape
  
  • Cole, The Oxbow
  • Breughel, Hunters in the Snow
  • Circle of the Gonzalez Family, Screen with Hunting Scenes

Question 6

Portrait of Sin Sukju

Answer 6

• 1417-1475
• ink and color on silk
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Painting Technique
  
  • Oil: Campin (?) Annunciation Triptych
  • Fresco: Rivera, Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park
  • Ink and Penicl: Smith, Lying with the Wolf

Question 7

Chairman Mao En Route to Anyuan

Answer 7

• based on an oil painting by Liu Chunhua
• 1969
• color lithograph
• Private Collection
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Non-Western Works Using Western Ideas
  
  • Bandolier Bag
  • Lindauer, Tamati Waka Nene
  • Frontispiece from the Codez Mendoza

Question 8

Army of Emperor Shi Huangdi

Answer 8

• painted erra-cotta
• c. 221-209 B.C.E.
• Qin Dynasty
• Lintong, China
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Buried Works
  
  • Tomb of Tutankhamun
  • Catacomb of Priscilla
  • Tomb of the Triclinium

Question 9

Longmen Caves

Answer 9

• 493-1127
• Tang Dynasty
• limestone
• Luoyang China
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Grand Outdoor Sculpture
  
  • Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
  • Bamiyan Buddha
  • Moai

Question 10

Gold and jade crown

Answer 10

• fifth-sixth century
• metalwork
• National Museum of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Metalwork
  
  • Merovingian Looped Fibula
  • Golden Stool
  • El Anatsui, Old Man’s Cloth

Question 11

The David Vases

Answer 11

• 1351
• white porcelain with cobalt under glaze
• British Museum, London
• Cross-Cultural Connections: Porcelain and Ceramic
  
  • Martinez, Black-on-black ceramic vessel
  • Niobid Krater
  • Terra-Cotta Warriors

Question 12

Bi

Answer 12

• a round ceremonial disk found in ancient Chinese tombs; characterized by having a circular hole in the center, which may have symbolized heaven

Question 13

Bodhisattva

Answer 13

• a deity who refrains from entering nirvana to help others

Question 14

Coiling

Answer 14

• a method of creating pottery in which a rope-like strand of clay is wrapped and layered into a shape before being fire in a kiln

Question 15

Colophon

Answer 15

• a commentary on the end panel of a Chinese hand-scroll; an inscription at the end of a manuscript containing relevant information on its publication

Question 16

Confucianism

Answer 16

• a philosophical belief begun by Confucius that stresses education, devotion to family, mutual respect, and traditional culture

Question 17

Daoism

Answer 17

• a philosophical belief begun by Laozi that stresses individual expression and a striving to find balance in one’s life

Question 18

Hanja

Answer 18

• Chinese characters used in Korean script in a Korean pronunciation

Question 19

Literati

Answer 19

• a sophisticated and scholarly group of Chinese artists who painted for themselves rather than for the and mass acceptance. Their work is highly individualized

Question 20

Pagoda

Answer 20

• a tower built of many stories. Each succeeding story is identical in style to the one beneath it, only smaller. Pagodas typically have dramatically projecting eaves that curl up at the ends

Question 21

Porcelain

Answer 21

• a ceramic made from clay that wen fired in a kiln produces a product that is hard, white, brittle, and shiny

Question 22

Potter’s wheel

Answer 22

• a device that usually has a pedal used to make the flat circular table spin, so that a potter can create pottery

Question 23

Throwing

Answer 23

• to mold forms on a potter’s wheel

Question 24

Vairocana

Answer 24

• the universal Buddha, a source of enlightenment; also known as the Supreme Buddha who represents “emptiness,” that is, freedom from earthly matters to help achieve salvation

Question 25

Yin and yang

Answer 25

• complementary polarities. The yin is a feminine symbol that has dark, soft, moist, and weak characteristics. The yang is the male symbol that has bright, hard, dry, and strong charcteristics