Barron's: Chapter 12 - Gothic Art

Question 1

Essential Knowledge

Answer 1

• there is no uniform medieval style. some periods revive ancient classicism; others use geometric and natural designs
• medieval artists are influenced by contemporaries in other parts of Europe, as well as ancient traditions
• learning was centered on specific fields that were transmitted throughout Europe through trade, pilgrimage, and military activity
• medieval architecture is mostly religious
• medieval painting and sculpture avoids naturalistic depictions
• at times medieval religions will reject images

Question 2

Chartres Cathedral

Answer 2

• c. 1145-1155
• later additions
• limestone and stained glass
• Chartres, France
• Gothic Art

Question 3

Westminster Hall

Answer 3

• 1097-1099
• ceiling 1390s
• stone and wood
• London, England
• Gothic Art

Question 4

Royal Portals

Answer 4

• 1145-1155
• limestone
• Chartres Cathedral
• Chartres, France
• Gothic Art

Question 5

Time Period

Answer 5

• 1140-1400

- up to 1550 in some sections of Europe

Question 6

Rottgen Pieta

Answer 6

• 1300-1325
• painted wood
• Rheinisches Landesmuseum
• Bonn, Germany
• Gothic Art
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Images of Suffering
  
  • Coyolxauhqui Stone
  • Munch, The Scream
  • Seated Boxer

Question 7

Notre Dame de la Belle Verrie “Our Lady of the Beautiful Window”

Answer 7

• c. 1170
• stained glass
• Chartres Cathedral
• Gothic Art
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Transparency and Reflection
  
  • Kusama, Narcissus Garden
  • Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building
  • Versailles, Hall of Mirrors

Question 8

Scenes from the Apocalypse

Answer 8

• from a Bible moralisee (Moralized Bible)
• c. 1226-1234
• illuminated manuscript, ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum
• Cathedral, Toledo
• Gothic Art
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Gold
  
  • Golden Stool
  • Ogat Korin, With and Red Plum Blossoms
  • Gold and Jade Crown

Question 9

Blanche of Castile and Louis IX

Answer 9

• 1226-1234
• illuminated manuscript, ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum
• Morgan Library, New York
• Gothic Art

Question 10

Golden Haggadah

Answer 10

• The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation and Preparation for Passover
• c. 1320
• illuminated manuscript, pigment on vellum
• Gothic Art
• British Library, London
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Works as Part of a Series
  
  • Rubens, Henry IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de’Medici from the Marie de’Medoco Cycle
  • Lawrence, The Migration of the Negro, Panel no.49
  • Giotto, Lamentation from the Arena Chapel

Question 11

Andachtsbild

Answer 11

• an image used for private contemplation and devotion

Question 12

Apocalypse

Answer 12

• the last book of the Christian Bible, sometimes called the Revelations, which details God-s destruction of evil and consequent raising to heaven of the righteous

Question 13

Chevet

Answer 13

• the east end of a Gothic church

Question 14

Choir

Answer 14

• a space in a church between the transept and the apse for a choir or clergyman

Question 15

Close

Answer 15

• an enclosed garden-like area around a cathedral

Question 16

Compound pier

Answer 16

• a pier that appears to be a group or gathering of smaller piers put together

Question 17

Flying buttress

Answer 17

• a stone arch and its pier that support a roof from a pillar outside the building. flying buttresses also stabilize a building and protect it from wind sheer

Question 18

Haggadah

Answer 18

• literally “narration”; specifically a book containing the Jewish story of Passover and the ritual of the Seder

Question 19

Hammerbeam

Answer 19

• a type of roof in English Gothic architecture, in which timber braces curve out from walls and meet high over the middle of the floor

Question 20

Lancet

Answer 20

• a tall narrow window with a pointed arch usually filled with stained glass

Question 21

Moralized Bible

Answer 21

• a Bible in which the Old and New Testament stories are paralleled with one another in illustrations, text, and commentary

Question 22

Ogee arch

Answer 22

• an arch formed by two S-shaped curves that meet at the top

Question 23

Passover

Answer 23

• an eight day Jewish festival that commemorates the exodus of Jews form Egypt under the leadership of Moses

Question 24

Pieta

Answer 24

• a painting or sculpture of a crucified Christ lying on the lap of a grieving Mary

Question 25

Pinnacle

Answer 25

• a pointed sculpture on piers or flying buttresses

Question 26

Portal

Answer 26

• a doorway

Question 27

Rib vault

Answer 27

• a vault in which diagonal arches form rib-like patterns; these arches partially support a roof, in some cases forming a web-like design

Question 28

Rose window

Answer 28

• a circular window, filled with stained glass, placed at the end of a transept or on the facade of a church

Question 29

Seder

Answer 29

• a ceremonial meal celebrated on the first two nights of Passover that commemorates the Jewish flight form Egypt as told in the Bible

Question 30

Spire or Steeple

Answer 30

• a tall pointed tower on a church