Barron's: Chapter 11 - Romanesque Art

Question 1

Time Period

Answer 1

• 1050-1150

- some objects date as early as 1000 and as late as 1200

Question 2

Essential Knowledge

Answer 2

• there is no uniform medieval style. some periods revive ancient classicism, others use geometric and natural designs
• medieval artists are influenced by contemporaries in other parts of Europe, as well as ancient traditions
• learning was centered on specific fields that were transmitted throughout Europe through trade, pilgrimage, and military activity
• medieval architecture is mostly religious
• medieval painting and sculpture avoids naturalistic depictions
• at times medieval religions will reject images

Question 3

Church of Sainte-Foy

Answer 3

• c. 1050-1130
• stone
• Conques, Frances
• Romanesque Art
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Pilgrimages
  
  • Great Stupa, Sanchi
  • Kaaba
  • Bamiyan Buddha

Question 4

Last Judgment

Answer 4

• 1107-1125
• painted stone
• Sainte-Foy Conques
• Romanesque Art
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Last Judgment Scenes
  
  • Giotto, Arena Chapel
  • Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel
  • Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer

Question 5

Reliquary of Sainte-Foy

Answer 5

• gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood
• ninth century
• Romanesque Art
• Sainte-Foy Conques

Question 6

Bayeux Tapestry

Answer 6

• 1066-1080
• embroidery on linen
• Bayeaux Tapestry Museum, Bayeux France
• Romanesque Art
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Battle Scenes
  
  • Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
  • Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace
  • Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People

Question 7

abbey

Answer 7

• a monastery for monks, or a convent for nuns, and the church that is connected to it

Question 8

ambulatory

Answer 8

• a passageway around the apse of a church

Question 9

apse

Answer 9

• the end point of a church where the altar is

Question 10

arcade

Answer 10

• a series of arches supported by columns. when the arches face a wall and are not self-supporting, they are called a blind arcade

Question 11

archivolt

Answer 11

• a series of concentric moldings around an arch

Question 12

axial plan

Answer 12

• a church with a long nave whose focus is the apse, so-called because it is designed along an axis

Question 13

baptistery

Answer 13

• in medieval architecture, a separate chapel or building in front of a church used for baptisms

Question 14

bay

Answer 14

• a vertical section of a church that is embraced by a set of columns and is usually composed of arches and aligned windows

Question 15

campanile

Answer 15

• a bell tower of an Italian building

Question 16

cathedral

Answer 16

• the principal church of diocese, where a bishop sits

Question 17

clerestory

Answer 17

• the third, or window, story of a church

Question 18

embroidery

Answer 18

• a woven product in which the design is stitched into a pre-made fabric

Question 19

jamb

Answer 19

• the side posts of a medieval portal

Question 20

last judgment

Answer 20

• in Christianity, the judgment before God at the end of the world

Question 21

narthex

Answer 21

• the vestibule, or lobby, of a church

Question 22

portal

Answer 22

• a door way

Question 23

reliquary

Answer 23

• a vessel for holding a sacred relic

Question 24

rib vault

Answer 24

• a vault in which diagonal arches form rib-like patterns

- partially support a roof

Question 25

tapestry

Answer 25

• a woven product in which the design and the backing are produced at the same time on a device called a loom

Question 26

transept

Answer 26

• an aisle in a church perpendicular to the nave

Question 27

transverse arch

Answer 27

• an arch that spans an interior space connecting opposite walls by crossing from side to side

Question 28

trioforium

Answer 28

• a narrow passageway with arches opening onto a nave, usually directly below a clerestory

Question 29

trumeau

Answer 29

• the central pillar of a portal that stabilizes the structure

Question 30

tympanum

Answer 30

• a rounded sculpture placed over the portal of a medieval church

Question 31

voussoir

Answer 31

• a wedge-shaped stone that forms the curved part of an arch