Barron's: Chapter 15 - Early Renaissance in Italy: Fifteenth Century

Question 1

Time Period

Answer 1

• 1400-1500

Question 2

Essential Knowledge

Answer 2

• Western Europe and the American colonies are the center of Renaissance and Baroque studies
• Europe and the Americas are brought into closer alignment with this new course of study. One is not considered more important than the other
• Europeans brought goods and culture to the Western hemisphere with their trade and conquest
• Europeans began to collect and organize knowledge from their various expansions around the globe. European influence is on the rise at home and abroad
• There is a greater exploration of the formal elements of painting, like perspective, composition, and color
• artistic training is enhanced by the birth of academies
• the display of artwork often meant a glorification of the patron
• in Northern Europe there was an emphasis on non-religious subjects, like portraits, genre paintings, and still lifes. in Southern Europe there was an emphasis on religious subjects which much more active and dynamic compositions

Question 3

Pazzi Chapel

Answer 3

• Filippo Brunelleschi
• designed 1423, built 1429-1461
• masonry
• Florence, Italy
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Personal Sacred Spaces
  
  • Bernini, Cornaro Chapel
  • Giotto, Arena Chapel
  • Ryoan-ji

Question 4

Palazzo Rucellai

Answer 4

• Leon Battista Alberti
• c. 1450
• stone
• masonry
• Florence, Italy
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: City Buildings
  
  • Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao
  • Sullivan, Carson Pirie Scott building
  • Trajan’s Market

Question 5

Madonna and Child with Two Angles

Answer 5

• Fra Filippo Lippi
• c. 1465
• tempera on wood
• Uffizi, Florence
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Virgin Mary
  
  • Notre Dame de la Belle Verriere
  • Rottgen Pieta
  • Miguel Gonzalez, Virgin of Guadelupe

Question 6

Birth of Venus

Answer 6

• Sandro Botticelli
• c. 1484-1486
• tempera on canvas
• Uffizi, Florence, Italy
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Classical References
  
  • David, The Oath of the Horatti
  • Raphael, School of Athens
  • Durer, Adam and Eve

Question 7

David

Answer 7

• Donatello
• c. 1440-1460
• bronze
• National Museum, Bargello, Florence
• Cross-Cultural Comparisons: Nudity
  
  • Female Deity from Nukuoro
  • Seated Boxer
  • Ingres, The Grand Odalisque

Question 8

bottega

Answer 8

• the studio of an Italian artist

Question 9

chapter house

Answer 9

• a building next to a church used for meetings

Question 10

humanism

Answer 10

• an intellectual movement in the Renaissance that emphasized the secular alongside the religious. Humanists were greatly attracted to the achievements of the classical past, and stressed the study of classical literature, history, philosophy, and art

Question 11

Madonna

Answer 11

• the Virgin Mart, mother of Jesus Christ

Question 12

Mullion

Answer 12

• a central post or column that is a support element in a window or a door

Question 13

orthogonal

Answer 13

• lines that appear to recede toward a vanishing point in a painting with linear perspective

Question 14

pilaster

Answer 14

• a flattened column attached to a wall with a capital, a shaft, and a base

Question 15

quattrocento

Answer 15

• the 1400s, or fifteenth century, in Italian art

Question 16

trompe l’oeil

Answer 16

• a form of painting that attempts to represent an object as existing in three dimensions, and therefore resembles the real thing