B8-032 Uterine, Cervical, and Vulvar Pathophysiology Flashcards by Felicia Jones | Brainscape

Q

progressive inflammatory vulvar disease characterized by porcelain-white plaques

A

lichen sclerosus

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Q

lichen sclerosus slightly increases the chance of

A

SCC

keratinizing

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Q

vulvar pathology that causes thinning of epithelium on path, loss of rete pegs, and inflammatory infiltrate

A

lichen sclerosus

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Q

vulvar pathology that causes thickening of epithelium and increased mitotic activity on path

A

classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

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Q

how can classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) be distinguished from differentiated VIN?

A

classic is HPV dependent

differentiated is HPV independent

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Q

vulvar carcinoma characterized by peripheral palisading and deep basophilic staining pattern

A

basaloid and warty squamous cell carcinoma

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Q

vulvar carcinoma associated with HPV

A

basaloid and warty squamous cell carcinoma

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Q

vulvar carcinoma occurring most commonly in women with long standing-lichen sclerosus

A

keratinizing SCC

(unrelated to HPV)

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Q

vulvar carcinoma characterized by keratin pearls

A

keratinizing SCC

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Q

ectocervix is lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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Q

endocervix is lined by

A

columnar mucinous epithelium

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Q

HPV independent endocervical adenocarcinoma

A

gastric type

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Q

type of cervical adenocarcinoma associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

gastric type

HPV independent

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Q

[proliferative/secretory phase]

tubular glands
monomorphic stroma

A

proliferative

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Q

[proliferative/secretory phase]

coiled glands
edematous stroma

A

secretory

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Q

associated with infertility/recurrent implantation failure

antibiotic therapy can improve outcomes

A

chronic endometritis

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Q

identification of […] cells is most important criterion for the diagnosis of chronic endometritis

A

plasma

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Q

presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium

A

adenomyosis

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Q

adenomyosis is made up of the […] layer of the endometrium

endometriosis is composed of the […] layers of the endometrium

A

adenomyosis is made up of the [basal] layer of the endometrium (non-functional)

endometriosis is composed of the [functional] layers of the endometrium

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Q

may be a precursor to endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma

A

endometriosis

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Q

frequent precursor to endometrial carcinoma

associated with prolonged estrogenic stimulation

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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Q

increased gland-to-stroma ratio when compared to normal proliferative endometrium

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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Q

endometrial hyperplasia often shows inactivation of […] gene

A

PTEN

(PI3K/AKT pathway)

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Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

55-65 years

A

type I

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Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

65-75 years

A

type II

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Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

linked to unopposed estrogen, obesity, HTN, diabetes

A

type 1

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

linked to atrophy and thin physique

A

type 2

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

morphology is endometrioid

A

type 1

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

morphology is serous, clear cell, or mixed mullerian

A

type 2

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

precursor is hyperplasia

A

type 1

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

precursor is serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma

A

type 2

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

mutated gene is PTEN

A

type 1

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

mutated gene is p53

A

type 2

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

indolent
spreads via lymphatics

A

type 1

Q

[Type 1 vs Type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

aggressive
intraperitoneal and lymphatic spread

A

type 2

Q

endometrial adenocarcinomas with malignant mesenchymal component

mesenchymal component can take many forms

A

mixed mullerian tumors

(type 2 endometrial carcinoma)

Q

squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is usually secondary to

A

cervical SCC

(primary vaginal carcinoma is rare)

Q

arises from vaginal adenosis

found in females who had exposure to DES in utero

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma

type 2 endometrial carcinoma

Q

presence of endometrial tissue in the myometrium

A

adenomyosis

Q

presence of endometrial tissue outside uterus

A

endometriosis

Q

abnormal endometrial gland proliferation often caused by unopposed estrogen

A

endometrial hyperplasia

Q

presents with uterine bleeding/dysmenorrhea

diffusely enlarged “globular”, soft “boggy” uterus on exam

A

adenomyosis

endometriosis presents with normal sized uterus on exam

Q

yellow brown “powder-burn” lesions

chocolate cysts

A

endometriosis

Q

presents with uterine bleeding/dysmenorrhea

normal sized uterus on exam

A

endometriosis

vs. adenomyosis: “globular” and “boggy” uterus on exam

Q

inflammation of the endometrium

usually occurs after delivery due to innoculation of uterine cavity by vaginal microbiota

A

endometritis

(IUDs also a risk factor)

Q

fever, purulent lochia, and uterine tenderness

A

endometritis

Q

c-section is the most important risk factor for

A

endometritis

Q

benign tumor of myometrium

most common GYN tumor

A

leiomyoma

Q

tumor size is estrogen sensitive; increases with pregnancy and decreases with menopause

A

leiomyoma

Q

whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles and well-demarcated borders

A

leiomyoma

Q

subtype of endometrial carcinoma heavily associated with unopposed estrogen

A

endometrioid carcinoma

type 1

Q

confluent endometrial glands without intervening stoma on biopsy

A

endometrial carcinoma

more specifically, type 1 i think

Q

are endometrial polyps associated with endometriosis?

A

no

Q

predominant hormone in the secretory phase

A

progesterone

Q

predominant hormone in the proliferative phase

A

estrogen

Q

cystically dilated glands
fibrous stroma
thick walled vessels

A

endometrial polyps

Q

increased gland-to-stroma ratio with irregular architecture

A

endometrial hyperplasia

Q

[type 1 vs type 2 endometrial carcinoma]

back-to-back endometrial glands admixed with solid areas

A

type I endometrial carcinoma

Q

endometrial carcinoma with papillary architecture, cytologic atypia and numerous mitoses

may have psammoma bodies

A

type II (serous) endometrial carcinoma

Q

what components of a MMMT tumor are malignant?

A

both the epithelial and mesenchymal

Q

does cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

no

Q

[classical/differentiated] vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor of keratinizing SCC

A

differentiated

Q

[classical/differentiated] vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor of basaloid/warty SCC

A

classical

Q

[classical/differentiated] vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with HPV infections

A

classical