B8-020 Reproductive Pharmacology Flashcards
pulsatile release of GnRH […] release of LH and FSH
stimulates
sustained, non-pulsatile release of GnRH […] release of LH and FSH
inhibits
adverse effects of using GnRH to suppress gonadotropins
menopausal symptoms
osteoporosis
GnRH agonist
gonadorelin
(half life 4 min as opposed to analogs with half life of 3 hours)
GnRH analogs [3]
leuprolide
goserelin
nafarelin
(half life 3 hrs intranasal)
GnRH antagonist
ganirelix
class used to stimulate ovulation induction and treat male infertility
gonadotropins
major risk of using gonadotropins to stimulate ovulation
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome –> multiple pregnancies
FSH agonists [2]
urofollitropin
follitropin
(from urine of post menopausal women)
LH agonist
lutropin alfa
menotropin [1]
human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)
hCG is most similar to [LH/FSH]
LH
[hCG/hMG] stimulates both LH and FSH equally
hMG
(hMG is more $$$)
estrogen binds to receptors and initiates gene transcription by binding to […]
ERE
estrogen response element
adverse effects of estrogens [2]
accelerated blood clotting
endometrial proliferation (unopposed)
which type of estrogen is the major product of the ovary?
estradiol E2
metabolically resistant pro-hormone version of estrogen
improves bioavailability
estrogen esters
equine estrogen sulfate sodium blended into standardized activity
conjugate estrogens
(very high potency)
estropipate is a [natural/synthetic] estrogen
natural
estrogen esters are a [natural/synthetic] estrogen
natural
conjugated estrogens are a [natural/synthetic] estrogen
natural
ethinyl estrogen is a [natural/synthetic] estrogen
synthetic
diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a [natural/synthetic] estrogen
synthetic
esterified estrogens are a [natural/synthetic] estrogen
synthetic
(manufactured from soybeans/yams)
estrogen that is implicated in clear cell carcinoma of the vagina in exposed female offspring
DES diethylstilbestrol
progesterone itself must be administered […]
IM
poor oral bioavailability
androgenic progestins that may decrease plasma HDL [3]
medroxyprogesterone acetate
norethindrone
levonorgestrel
which progestin agonist is closest to pure progesterone [2]
desogestrol
drospirenone
major adverse effect of hormone contraceptives
venous thromboembolism
most hormonal contraceptives contain what type of estrogen?
ethinyl estradiol
suppress the FSH/LH surge
hormonal contraception
unopposed estrogen in postmenopausal women who still have a uterus can lead to […]
uterine cancer
E+P in postmenopausal women can increase the risk of […] cancer
breast
oral SERM used for ovulation induction
clomiphene
SERM used to treat breast cancer
tamoxifen
tamoxifen is an antagonist at the […] and partial agonist at […]
tamoxifen is an antagonist at the [breast] and partial agonist at [uterus and bone]
raloxifene is an antagonist at the […] and agonist at […]
raloxifene is an antagonist at the [uterus and breast] and agonist at [bone]
SERM used to treat osteoporosis
raloxifene
partial agonist at ERa and antagonist at ERb
clomiphene
oral SPRM used for emergency contraception and fibroids
ulipristal acetate
estrogen antagonist used to treat tamoxifen resistant breast cancer
fulvestrant
progesterone antagonist used as abortifacient with misoprotrol
mifepristone
(can be used as postcoital contraceptive)
aromatase inhibitors [3]
anastrazole
letrozole
exemestane
steroidal irreversible aromatase inhibitor
exemestane
class used for breast cancer in post-menopausal women to block estrogen production by peripheral tissues
aromatase inhibitors
androgens bind to intracellular receptors and lead to gene expression via […]
ARE
androgen response element
adverse effects of androgens [4]
acne
gynecomastia
testicular atrophy/azoospermia
masculinization
testosterone esters are administered via
IM oily depot
testosterone is most commonly administered via
transdermal patch, gel
(careful not to get it on partners/kids)
oral androgens [3]
methyltestosterone
fluoxymetstrone
oxandrolone
androgen receptor inhibitors are primarily used for
prostate cancer
androgen receptor inhibitors [3]
cyproterone
flutamide
spironolactone
steroid synthesis inhibitors [4]
ketoconazole
abiraterone
finasteride
dutasteride
leuprolide is a […] agonist
GnRH
flutamide is a […] antagonist
androgen receptor
MOA of finesteride
5a-reductase inhibitor
fluoxymestrone is a […] agonist
androgen
testosterone derivative with weak progestin, androgen, and glucocorticoid activity
danazol
estrogen antagonist used in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer
fulvestrant
unopposed estrogens may be used in what patient population?
those who have undergone hysterectomy
can be used to induce ovulation
has greater LH activity than FSH activity
hCG
can be used to induce ovulation
has equal LH activity and FSH activity
hMG
used to induce ovulation by blocking negative feedback by estrogen at the pituitary, resulting in increased LH and FSH
SERMs
low-efficacy progesterone partial agonist used as abortifacient in combination with a prostaglandin
mifepristone
most widely used estrogen in oral contraceptives in combination with progestin
ethinyl estradiol
