B7.2 - Transport in mammals Flashcards
All animals have a
circulatory system to transport things around their body
What is a double and single circulatory system
blood travels through the heart twice in this circuit and once in a single
Mammals have
double circulatory system
fish have
single circulatory system
double circulatory system need oxygenated blood to tissue
faster than single ones
What are 3 key components of a double circulatory system
blood vessels, blood and the heart
Steps of blood entering system:
- Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart
- the blood is pumped out of the heart and towards the lung near the right ventricle
- The blood becomes oxygenated as it exchanges CO2 for O2
- blood returns to the left atrium of the heart
- oxygenated blood pumped out of the heart to the body by the left ventricle
- oxygenated blood gives O2 to body cells and receives CO2 becoming deoxygenated
- process repeats
What would happen if blood didn’t pass through the heart twice per circuit
blood wouldn’t be oxygenated or pumped around the body
the heart is
a muscular organ that pumps blood by expanding in size and then contracting forcing blood into blood vessels.
blood is pumped away from the heart in
arteries
blood returns to the heart by
veins
heart has 4 chambers:
left and right atrium & left and right ventricle.
What makes sure there is no back flow for the blood and only moves in one direction
the atrioventricular valves
heart has its own separate blood supply to provide
muscle tissue with oxygen and glucose for respiration to contract
what does the septum do
separate the ventricles and keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood away from each other
The left ventricle wall is much thicker than the right because
has to force blood out of heart at higher pressure, because the blood has to travel further (around the whole body). The right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs.
when a heart beats
blood enters heart via the atria, once filled with blood it contracts forcing blood to ventricles and when they contract they force blood to exit the heart
group of cells in the right atrium act as a
pacemaker to control the timing of the heart beat
why might someone need an artificial pacemaker
because they might have irregular heart beat and can be corrected
why does exercise increase breathing rate
muscle cells use up more energy during exercise and respire at a faster rate. It increases to take in more oxygen and remove CO2 produced by respiration, the heart also pumps faster to circulate more O2.
how to investigate for effects of exercise on BPM or breathing rate
- record pulse (beat per minute) or breathes per minute while neutral and sitting
- measure pulse again after doing intensive activity
- measure 2 minutes again to see if BPM has gone back to normal
IV: The exercise done
DV: BPM
CV: Same intensity activity and time taken and same time taken to recover
Coronary heart disease will
narrow arteries resulted by fatty deposits leading to lack of oxygen being supplied to heart muscles which will lead to heart attacks
factors that increase risk of blockage of coronary arteries
diet (high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol) or smoking
what are the 3 types of blood vessels
veins, capillaries and arteries
