B7.2 - Transport in mammals

Question 1

All animals have a

Answer 1

circulatory system to transport things around their body

Question 2

What is a double and single circulatory system

Answer 2

blood travels through the heart twice in this circuit and once in a single

Question 3

Mammals have

Answer 3

double circulatory system

Question 4

fish have

Answer 4

single circulatory system

Question 5

double circulatory system need oxygenated blood to tissue

Answer 5

faster than single ones

Question 6

What are 3 key components of a double circulatory system

Answer 6

blood vessels, blood and the heart

Question 7

Steps of blood entering system:

Answer 7

1. Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart
2. the blood is pumped out of the heart and towards the lung near the right ventricle
3. The blood becomes oxygenated as it exchanges CO2 for O2
4. blood returns to the left atrium of the heart
5. oxygenated blood pumped out of the heart to the body by the left ventricle
6. oxygenated blood gives O2 to body cells and receives CO2 becoming deoxygenated
7. process repeats

Question 8

What would happen if blood didn’t pass through the heart twice per circuit

Answer 8

blood wouldn’t be oxygenated or pumped around the body

Question 9

the heart is

Answer 9

a muscular organ that pumps blood by expanding in size and then contracting forcing blood into blood vessels.

Question 10

blood is pumped away from the heart in

Answer 10

arteries

Question 11

blood returns to the heart by

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

heart has 4 chambers:

Answer 12

left and right atrium & left and right ventricle.

Question 13

What makes sure there is no back flow for the blood and only moves in one direction

Answer 13

the atrioventricular valves

Question 14

heart has its own separate blood supply to provide

Answer 14

muscle tissue with oxygen and glucose for respiration to contract

Question 15

what does the septum do

Answer 15

separate the ventricles and keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood away from each other

Question 16

The left ventricle wall is much thicker than the right because

Answer 16

has to force blood out of heart at higher pressure, because the blood has to travel further (around the whole body). The right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs.

Question 17

when a heart beats

Answer 17

blood enters heart via the atria, once filled with blood it contracts forcing blood to ventricles and when they contract they force blood to exit the heart

Question 18

group of cells in the right atrium act as a

Answer 18

pacemaker to control the timing of the heart beat

Question 19

why might someone need an artificial pacemaker

Answer 19

because they might have irregular heart beat and can be corrected

Question 20

why does exercise increase breathing rate

Answer 20

muscle cells use up more energy during exercise and respire at a faster rate. It increases to take in more oxygen and remove CO2 produced by respiration, the heart also pumps faster to circulate more O2.

Question 21

how to investigate for effects of exercise on BPM or breathing rate

Answer 21

1. record pulse (beat per minute) or breathes per minute while neutral and sitting
2. measure pulse again after doing intensive activity
3. measure 2 minutes again to see if BPM has gone back to normal
   IV: The exercise done
   DV: BPM
   CV: Same intensity activity and time taken and same time taken to recover

Question 22

Coronary heart disease will

Answer 22

narrow arteries resulted by fatty deposits leading to lack of oxygen being supplied to heart muscles which will lead to heart attacks

Question 23

factors that increase risk of blockage of coronary arteries

Answer 23

diet (high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol) or smoking

Question 24

what are the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 24

veins, capillaries and arteries

Question 25

characteristics of each blood vessel

Answer 25

vein: thin wall carrying blood at low pressure
artery: thick wall carrying blood at high pressure
capillary: very small and walls are one cell thick

Question 26

thin walls of capillaries helps increase

Answer 26

rate of diffusion

Question 27

blood contains

Answer 27

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 28

plasma is

Answer 28

liquid part of blood which makes a good solvent for many substances

Question 29

white blood cells function is to

Answer 29

defend the body against disease and is part of the immune system

Question 30

platelets are

Answer 30

small fragments of much larger cells that are important in protecting us from infection by causing blood to clot.