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IGCSE Biology > B5 - Plant nutrition > Flashcards

B5 - Plant nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Glucose produced by photosynthesis is mainly used for

A

respiration

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2
Q

What products can glucose be converted into

A

Starch, Proteins, Cellulose and Fats and oils

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3
Q

Starch, Proteins, Cellulose and Fats and oils are all converted from

A

Glucose

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4
Q

starch is

A

insoluble

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5
Q

starch is stored in

A

stems, leaves or roots

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6
Q

stems, leaves or roots can store

A

starch

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7
Q

Proteins are needed for

A

cell growth and repair

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8
Q

a source of nitrogen is needed for

A

glucose to convert to proteins

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9
Q

a source of what is needed to convert glucose into protein

A

nitrogen

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10
Q

plants get nitrogen by

A

absorbing nitrate ions from the soil

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11
Q

Fats and oils are stored in

A

seeds

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12
Q

what is stored in seeds

A

fats and oils

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13
Q

plants need minerals

A

for growth

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14
Q

plants extract minerals from

A

the soil

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15
Q

poor quality soil can lead to

A

ion deficiency in plants

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16
Q

nitrogen is needed for

A

production and synthesis of proteins

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17
Q

production and synthesis of proteins is done by

A

nitrogen

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18
Q

nitrogen deficiency causes

A

stunted growth

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19
Q

stunted growth is a result of

A

nitrogen deficiency

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20
Q

magnesium is needed for

A

production of chlorophyll

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21
Q

magnesium deficiency can lead to

A

chlorosis

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22
Q

chlorosis is when a

A

plant cannot photosynthesize well and cannot produce enough glucose

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23
Q

magnesium absent results in

A

plant leaves turning yellow

24
Q

plant leaves turning yellow is a sign of

A

magnesium deficiency

25
Q

magnesium ions make

A

chlorophyll which gives a plant its green colour

26
Q

nitrogen ions are used to make

A

amino acids and proteins

27
Q

Factors that affect photosynthesis

A

Temperature, Chlorophyll concentration, CO2 concentration and light intensity

28
Q

Temperature, Chlorophyll concentration, CO2 concentration and light intensity are factors that affect

A

photosynthesis

29
Q

Increasing temperature increases photosynthesis because

A

more energy is provided

30
Q

What happens when temperature is above 45C

A

enzymes become denatured

31
Q

why does rate of photosynthesis plateau when there is abundance of CO2 and light intensity

A

further CO2 and light intensity does not increase rate of photosynthesis because it is no longer a limiting factor so another factor will increase the rate

32
Q

what is limiting factor in winter

A

temperature

33
Q

what is limiting factor on a bright sunny day

A

CO2 concentration

34
Q

what is limiting factor of mineral deficient soil

A

chlorophyll concentration

35
Q

what is limiting factor at night

A

light intensity

36
Q

What does graph of rate of photosynthesis against temperature look like

A

when temperature increases so does rate of photosynthesis. There is an optimum temperature where the enzymes work most efficient. Beyond that threshold around 45C the graph takes a sharp downward turn as enzymes become less efficient as they denature

37
Q

what experiment can be used to test effect of light intensity on rate of photosynthesis

A

aquatic plant pondweed experiment. Chance the distance of the lamp from the pondweed in intervals of 10 cm and count number of bubbles pondweed produces. light intensity IV bubbles produced DV.

38
Q

what process do plants use to make energy

A

photosynthesis

39
Q

What does a plant need to photosynthesize

A

CO2 (from air) and water (from soil)

40
Q

What is needed for photosynthesis

A

light energy and chlorophyll

41
Q

what are the products of photosynthesis

A

glucose and oxygen

42
Q

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ==> C6H12O6 + 6O2

43
Q

How to test for photosynthesis

A

use iodine test to show that parts of a plant produce starch via photosynthesis

44
Q

Steps for the test for photosynthesis

A

place destarched plant in light for an hour
Remove one leaf and place in test tube with ethanol and put test tube in beaker with boiling/hot water.
This process removes the chlorophyll in the leaf
When the leaf looses its green pigment and turns yellow
wash in cold water and place i petri dish.
Put iodine in drops to see results.

45
Q

What is structure of a leaf

A

waterproof waxy cuticle covers both upper and low epidermis. Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and lower epidermis.

46
Q

When opening the stomata

A

the guard cells take up lots of water causing them to swell

47
Q

when closing the stomata

A

the guard cells lose water and return to a limp state

48
Q

leafs are adapted for

A

efficient gas exchange, efficient sites of photosynthesis, transport and support

49
Q

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll of a leaf

A

photosynthesis

50
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll of a leaf

A

To supply CO2 and H2O to the palisade layer

51
Q

What is the function of stomata

A

To allow gas exchange/CO2 in and O2 out during the day/

52
Q

What is the function of guard cells

A

To control whether the stomata are open or closed.

53
Q

How are palisade mesophyll cells adapted to their function

A

Lots of chloroplasts, large vacuole and cylindrical shape allow them to absorb light and store carbohydrates.

54
Q

How are spongy mesophyll cells adapted to their function

A

Irregular shaped cells have air spaces between them for fluids to diffuse

55
Q

the vascular bundles form

A

the veins in the stem and leaf

56
Q

what is the vascular bundle for

A

to support the stem and leaf

57
Q

the vascular bundle contain the

A

phloem and xylem

IGCSE Biology (15 decks)

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