B12 - Organisms and their environments Flashcards

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1
Q

sunlight is energy input

A

for plants

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2
Q

The sun is the

A

main source of energy input in biological systems like food chains and food webs

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3
Q

What is grass in a food chain

A

a producer because grass is a plant and produces its own food from photosynthesis (light energy)

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4
Q

What do all food chains start with

A

a producer

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5
Q

A grasshopper is an example of a

A

primary consumer as it gets its energy from producers

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6
Q

What is a consumer

A

an organisms that eats another organism for energy

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7
Q

Why are primary consumers called that

A

because they are the first to eat other organisms in the food chain (herbivore)

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8
Q

What level consumer is a rat

A

a secondary consumer because they eat primary consumers for energy (carnivore)

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9
Q

What level consumer is an owl

A

a tertiary consumer because it consumers the secondary consumer for energy (also carnivores)

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10
Q

Fungi and bacteria are known as

A

decomposers breaking down dead matter and waste for energy

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11
Q

Fungi digest their food by secreting

A

enzymes

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12
Q

food chains show the

A

feeding relationships and energy flows within a biological community.

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13
Q

trophic levels

A

describe where an organism fits in a food chain

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14
Q

A food chain can be defined as

A

a transfer of energy between organisms by ingestion

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15
Q

A food web is an

A

interconnected network of food chains

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16
Q

Plants transfer energy from light into

A

stored energy inside them

17
Q

Energy transferred from a plant to an animal occurs when

A

they digest and assimilate plant food to make new substances in their body tissue

18
Q

What is energy and absorbed food molecules used for in an animal

A

to produce new animal tissue or gametes for reproduction

as a source of energy for respiration

19
Q

why do food chains have fewer than 5 trophic levels

A

organisms expend energy when looking for food and more energy is lost when looking for more food. Because each trophic level there is significant energy loss to the point where if there was a 5th trophic level that consumer would not get enough energy and nutrients and if they did it would not be efficient

20
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

21
Q

How is energy lost through trophic levels

A

heat
movement
respiration