B6.1 - Diet Flashcards
What is a balanced diet
a diet where all the nutritional requirements of the body are met.
Food provides
chemical energy for respiration and substances needed for cell growth and repair
What does a balanced diet consist of
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, water, minerals and vitamins
Why are proteins necessary
Also needed for building and repairing tissue like muscles and skin
they are broken down to create amino acids which are used to form other proteins needed by cells i.e enzymes.
Why are carbohydrates necessary
they are broken down to simple sugars to be used in respiration which release energy in our cells to enable life processes to take place.
It is also source of energy
Why are fats necessary
Fats help maintain body temperature and are used for insulation
It is also a store of energy to supply molecules for respiration.
Also used for making cell membranes
Why are fibers necessary
To prevent constipation and keep food moving through the digestive system
Why are vitamins and minerals necessary
Vitamins and minerals are necessary for bodily functions
Why is water necessary
It is needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells
Temperature regulation
Removal of waste products
What are the 4 essential vitamins and minerals
Calcium
Iron
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
What is the importance of calcium
Involved in the clotting of blood
Needed for growing and strengthening teeth and bones
What is the importance of iron
Needed to make hemoglobin in red blood cells
What is the importance of vitamin C
Needed to make collagen (an important protein in blood vessels and skin) and for repairing bone and teeth
Keeps the lining of the blood vessels healthy
What is the importance of vitamin D
For strong bones and teeth
Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in activity
Activity - People who exercise more need more calories to give them energy for movement
More protein is needed by people who exercise to help muscle development
Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in gender
Gender - Men need more calories than woman as they have more muscle mass
Menstruating women need more iron as they are losing blood
Pregnant woman need more daily calories, protein, iron and calcium for the growth of da baby
Breast feeding women need more fats, calcium and water to produce milk
Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in age
Elderly people need less energy and calories because they have smaller muscle mass and metabolic rate
Children and teenagers need more calories and protein as they are growing
What is malnutrition
it is a type of disease where a person’s dietary needs are not met
How is constipation caused
it is caused by a diet lacking in water and/or fibers
What is obesity and how is it caused
Obesity is having excessive fat stores in the body
It is caused by eating too many foods in saturated fats and cholestrol
What is starvation and how is it caused
Starvation is when not enough food is eaten and the body’s energy requirements aren’t met
What is marasmus and how is it caused
it is when cells don’t receive enough energy from respiration and can cause shrinking of the stomach, diarrhea and death
It is caused when a child has a diet low in all energy containing foods
How do you get coronary heart disease and what is the effect
by eating too much fat
It can cause fatty blockages to block the arteries around the heart and prevent oxygen from getting into the heart
What is the cause and effect of anaemia
anaemia is caused by lack of iron in diet or blood loss
The body cannot make enough hemoglobin in red blood cells leading to tiredness, shortness of breathe and pale skin
What is the cause and effect of rickets
Caused by vitamin D deficiency
Bones can be malformed and can cause pain
What is the cause and effect of scurvy
Caused by vitamin C deficiency
Body cannot make enough collagen leading to swelling of gums, tiredness and muscle pain
What is the cause and effect of kwashiorkor
Caused by severe protein deficiency
Body cannot repair and grow tissues and the immune system gets weak causing stunted growth and a swollen belly
