B6.1 - Diet

Question 1

What is a balanced diet

Answer 1

a diet where all the nutritional requirements of the body are met.

Question 2

Food provides

Answer 2

chemical energy for respiration and substances needed for cell growth and repair

Question 3

What does a balanced diet consist of

Answer 3

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, water, minerals and vitamins

Question 4

Why are proteins necessary

Answer 4

Also needed for building and repairing tissue like muscles and skin

they are broken down to create amino acids which are used to form other proteins needed by cells i.e enzymes.

Question 5

Why are carbohydrates necessary

Answer 5

they are broken down to simple sugars to be used in respiration which release energy in our cells to enable life processes to take place.

It is also source of energy

Question 6

Why are fats necessary

Answer 6

Fats help maintain body temperature and are used for insulation

It is also a store of energy to supply molecules for respiration.

Also used for making cell membranes

Question 7

Why are fibers necessary

Answer 7

To prevent constipation and keep food moving through the digestive system

Question 8

Why are vitamins and minerals necessary

Answer 8

Vitamins and minerals are necessary for bodily functions

Question 9

Why is water necessary

Answer 9

It is needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells

Temperature regulation

Removal of waste products

Question 10

What are the 4 essential vitamins and minerals

Answer 10

Calcium
Iron
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Question 11

What is the importance of calcium

Answer 11

Involved in the clotting of blood

Needed for growing and strengthening teeth and bones

Question 12

What is the importance of iron

Answer 12

Needed to make hemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 13

What is the importance of vitamin C

Answer 13

Needed to make collagen (an important protein in blood vessels and skin) and for repairing bone and teeth

Keeps the lining of the blood vessels healthy

Question 14

What is the importance of vitamin D

Answer 14

For strong bones and teeth

Question 15

Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in activity

Answer 15

Activity - People who exercise more need more calories to give them energy for movement
More protein is needed by people who exercise to help muscle development

Question 16

Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in gender

Answer 16

Gender - Men need more calories than woman as they have more muscle mass

Menstruating women need more iron as they are losing blood

Pregnant woman need more daily calories, protein, iron and calcium for the growth of da baby

Breast feeding women need more fats, calcium and water to produce milk

Question 17

Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in age

Answer 17

Elderly people need less energy and calories because they have smaller muscle mass and metabolic rate

Children and teenagers need more calories and protein as they are growing

Question 18

What is malnutrition

Answer 18

it is a type of disease where a person’s dietary needs are not met

Question 19

How is constipation caused

Answer 19

it is caused by a diet lacking in water and/or fibers

Question 20

What is obesity and how is it caused

Answer 20

Obesity is having excessive fat stores in the body

It is caused by eating too many foods in saturated fats and cholestrol

Question 21

What is starvation and how is it caused

Answer 21

Starvation is when not enough food is eaten and the body’s energy requirements aren’t met

Question 22

What is marasmus and how is it caused

Answer 22

it is when cells don’t receive enough energy from respiration and can cause shrinking of the stomach, diarrhea and death

It is caused when a child has a diet low in all energy containing foods

Question 23

How do you get coronary heart disease and what is the effect

Answer 23

by eating too much fat

It can cause fatty blockages to block the arteries around the heart and prevent oxygen from getting into the heart

Question 24

What is the cause and effect of anaemia

Answer 24

anaemia is caused by lack of iron in diet or blood loss

The body cannot make enough hemoglobin in red blood cells leading to tiredness, shortness of breathe and pale skin

Question 25

What is the cause and effect of rickets

Answer 25

Caused by vitamin D deficiency

Bones can be malformed and can cause pain

Question 26

What is the cause and effect of scurvy

Answer 26

Caused by vitamin C deficiency

Body cannot make enough collagen leading to swelling of gums, tiredness and muscle pain

Question 27

What is the cause and effect of kwashiorkor

Answer 27

Caused by severe protein deficiency

Body cannot repair and grow tissues and the immune system gets weak causing stunted growth and a swollen belly