B10 - Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction is the process of reproduction that forms genetically identical offspring from only

Answer 1

one parent

Question 2

What is the process of reproduction that forms genetically identical offsprings from one parent

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction

Question 3

What are the four key features in Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Cells divide via mitosis
Offsprings are cloned
There is no gamete fusion
Only one parent is involved

Question 4

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

Advantages: Only one parent is needed so no need for a second one
Large number of offsprings can be produced quickly
All offsprings are produced identically

Disadvantages: Lack of variation in offspring means that a change in condition will affect all organisms equally
They are not suited for other environments and are not diverse. Can be prone to diseases easier.

Question 5

What is the process of sexual reproduction

Answer 5

when the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) fuse to form a zygote (fertilization), producing offspring that are genetically different to one another

Question 6

what are the 4 key factors of sexual reproduction

Answer 6

Male and female gametes fuse
Offsprings are non-identical
Two parents are required for the process to occur
Cells divide via meiosis

Question 7

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Advantages: Variation in off spring meaning a population is more likely to survive to environmental changes
Selective breeding can occur
Disadvantages: Requires a second parent
Mutations can be produced which will be harmful for a population

Question 8

Zygote nuclei are

Answer 8

diploid meaning they contain two complete sets of chromosomes one from each parent

Question 9

Gamete nuclei are

Answer 9

haploid meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes found in a normal cell

Question 10

What is the male part of the flower called

Answer 10

the stamen

Question 11

What is the female part of the flower called

Answer 11

the carpel

Question 12

What makes up the stamen

Answer 12

the anther and filament

Question 13

What makes up the carpel

Answer 13

the stigma, style, ovary and ovule

Question 14

What does the sepal do

Answer 14

it protects the flower bud when it develops

Question 15

Pollen grains develop inside the

Answer 15

anther

Question 16

What is the function of the filament

Answer 16

to hold the anther

Question 17

The stigma is part of the carpel where

Answer 17

the pollen lands during pollination

Question 18

The style is the tube which

Answer 18

the pollen travels down

Question 19

The ovary is responsible for

Answer 19

protecting the female gamete from the outside

Question 20

Ovary contains one or more

Answer 20

ovules

Question 21

Each ovule contains an

Answer 21

egg sac

Question 22

What is the function of the petals

Answer 22

to attract insects for pollination

Question 23

What is the process in transferring pollen from the stigma to the carpel called

Answer 23

pollination

Question 24

What are the 2 ways in which pollination can happen

Answer 24

wind and insect pollination

Question 25

What is self pollination

Answer 25

the occurrence when pollen from an anther is transferred to the stigma of the same flower. The offsprings produced are identical to the parent

Question 26

Advantages and disadvantages of self pollination

Answer 26

Advantages: If plants cannot reproduce by cross pollination than they can self pollinate Disadvantages: Lack of variation meaning less chance of survival in a change in condition or environment

Question 27

What is cross pollination

Answer 27

the transfer of pollen from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower

Question 28

Advantages and disadvantages of cross pollination

Answer 28

Advantages: More genetic variation meaning higher change of survival if change of condition or environment Disadvantages: There can be no pollinators and may take a long time

Question 29

What is the process of fertilisation

Answer 29

when a female and male gamete fuse

Question 30

What are some features of wind pollinated plants

Answer 30

``` Small or even no petals No scent Many anthers that hang out the plant Stigmas are large and feathery Pollen grains are smooth Pollen is lightweight ```

Question 31

What are some features of insect pollinated plants

Answer 31

``` Large petals for insects to land on Bright colored to attract insects Scent to attract insects Few small anthers inside the flower Pollen grains are sticky and spiky pollen is heavy ```

Question 32

What is germination

Answer 32

when a seed coat breaks open and the embryo starts to grow and develop in a new plant

Question 33

What are the conditions required for germination

Answer 33

temperature, moisture and oxygen

Question 34

What do the testes produce

Answer 34

male hormones (testosterone) and sperm

Question 35

The testes are protected by the

Answer 35

scrotum which regulates sperm temperature

Question 36

Sperm duct function

Answer 36

moves sperm from testes to urethra

Question 37

The prostate gland produces substances

Answer 37

that are added to the sperm to make semen

Question 38

Eggs are stored in the

Answer 38

ovaries and travel down the oviducts to the uterus

Question 39

what is the cervix

Answer 39

the opening at the bottom of the uterus leading to the vagina

Question 40

vagina is where

Answer 40

sperm is deposited

Question 41

Fertilization takes place in

Answer 41

oviducts

Question 42

After fertilization the egg travels toward the

Answer 42

uterus and takes 3 days

Question 43

what is the development of the embryo after 3 months

Answer 43

a fetus

Question 44

the fetus develops inside a bag of

Answer 44

amniotic fluid that protects the fetus

Question 45

AIDS is a disease of the immune system caused by the virus

Answer 45

HIV

Question 46

To prevent the transmission of HIV we use

Answer 46

contraceptives like condoms

Question 47

What are the stages of the menstrual cycle

Answer 47

1 - 4 days: The uterus lining breaks down resulting in a period 4 - 14 days: The uterus lining starts to build up again into a thick, spongy layer full of blood vessels. 14 days: Ovulation happens. This is when an egg is released from one of the ovaries. 15 - 28 days: The uterus lining is maintained ready for a fertilized egg. If no fertilized egg is attached to the uterus lining, the lining breaks down and the cycle begins again.

Question 48

What are the stages of pregnancy

Answer 48

Zygote forms and starts to divide to form a ball of cells Once the ball forms its called an embryo and implants itself to the wall of the uterus Placenta forms between the embryo and the wall of the uterus Umbilical cord provides nutrients to the baby Foetus is called after 6 weeks of fertilization