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BMB Test 2 > B7-093 Eye and Orbit Anatomy > Flashcards

B7-093 Eye and Orbit Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what structures pass though the optic canal? [2]

A

CN II
opthalamic artery

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2
Q

what structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1, and VI pass through here

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3
Q

the optic canal and superior orbital fissure are located in the […] bone

A

sphenoid

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4
Q

what structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

infraorbital artery and nerve

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5
Q

sinus located superior to the orbit

A

frontal

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6
Q

sinus located inferior to the orbit

A

maxillary

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7
Q

sinus located medial to the orbit [2]

A

ethmoid
sphenoid (more posterior)

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8
Q

what walls of the orbit are most susceptible to orbital blow out fractures? [2]

A

medial
inferior

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9
Q

orbital contents may prolapse into the […] sinus after a blow out fracture

A

maxillary

inferior rectus muscle can become entrapped

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10
Q

a patient with an orbital blow out fracture can not move the affected eye up. Why?

A

inferior rectus is entrapped in the maxillary sinus

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11
Q

movements of the pupil around the vertical axis [2]

A

abduction or adduction

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12
Q

movements of the pupil around the horizontal axis

A

elevation
depression

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13
Q

movements of the pupil around the AP axis

A

intorsion (medial rotation)
extorsion (lateral rotation)

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14
Q

opens the eye

A

levator palpebrae superioris (via CN III)

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15
Q

closes the eye

A

orbicularis oculi (via CN VII)

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16
Q

what CN closes the eye?

A

CN VII

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17
Q

what CN opens the eye?

A

CN III

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18
Q

innervates superior oblique muscle

A

CN IV

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19
Q

innervates the lateral rectus muscle

A

CN VI

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20
Q

abducts the eyeball

A

lateral rectus

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21
Q

adducts the eyeball

A

medial rectus

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22
Q

depresses, adducts, and rotates the eyeball laterally

A

inferior rectus

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23
Q

elevates, adducts and rotates the eye medially

A

superior rectus

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24
Q

abducts, elevates, and laterally rotates the eyeball

A

inferior oblique

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25
Q

abducts, depresses, and medially rotates the eyeball

A

superior oblique

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26
Q

elevates superior eyelid

A

levator palpebrae

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27
Q

[…] rectus elevates the eyeball

A

superior

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28
Q

[…] rectus depresses the eyeball

A

inferior

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29
Q

[…] oblique depresses the eyeball

A

superior

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30
Q

[…] oblique elevates the eyeball

A

inferior

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31
Q

both superior and inferior rectus are […]

A

adductors

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32
Q

both superior and inferior obliques are […]

A

abductors

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33
Q

the two muscles that have inferior in the name are […] rotators

A

lateral

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34
Q

the two muscles that have superior in the name are […] rotators

A

medial

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35
Q

what two muscles elevate the eye [2]

A

superior rectus
inferior oblique

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36
Q

what two muscles depress the eye [2]

A

superior oblique
inferior rectus

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37
Q

testing elevation in the abducted position isolates […]

A

superior rectus

(inferior oblique is trapped)

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38
Q

testing depression in the abducted position isolates […]

A

inferior rectus

(superior oblique is trapped)

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39
Q

testing depression in the adducted position isolates […]

A

superior oblique

(inferior rectus is trapped)

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40
Q

testing elevation in the adducted position isolates […]

A

inferior oblique

(superior rectus is trapped)

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41
Q

sensation from medial orbit to vertex of head

A

supratrochlear n.

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42
Q

sensation from lateral orbit to vertex of head

A

supraorbital n.

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43
Q

picks up sensation from orbit during infection

A

lacrimal n.

supratrochlear and supraorbital are sensation as well

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44
Q

innervate the nasal cavity and nasal septum [2]

A

anterior ethmoidal n.
posterior ethmoidal n.

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45
Q

anterior ethmoidal n. and posterior ethmoidal n. arise from

A

nasocilliary n.

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46
Q

sensation to the medial corner of eye

A

infratrochlear n.

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47
Q

provide sensation to the cornea and sclera

A

long and short cilliary n.

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48
Q

innervates superior oblique muscle

A

trochlear CN IV

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49
Q

innervates lateral rectus

A

abducens CN VI

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50
Q

[…] branch of occulomotor n. innervates levator palpebrae and superior rectus

A

superior

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51
Q

[…] branch of occulomotor n. innervates medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

A

inferior

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52
Q

parasympathetically innervates the pupil

A

CN III occulomotor

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53
Q

what cranial nerves travel through the cavernous sinus?

A

III
IV
V1
VI

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54
Q

what muscle is attached to the floor of the orbit?

A

inferior oblique

55
Q

passes through the tendinous ring of the rectus muscles

A

optic nerve

(all the rectus muscles attach here)

56
Q

sympathetic fibers orginate from T1-T4, run up the sympathetic chain and synapse at the […]

A

superior cervical ganglion

57
Q

located right next to the bifurcation of the internal and external carotids

A

superior cervical ganglion

58
Q

sympathetic postganglionic fibers from the […] supply the salivary gland, sweat glands, and blood vessels

A

external carotid plexus

59
Q

comes off the internal carotid plexus and passes through the pterygopa ganglion to supply parasympathetic innervation to the blood vessels

A

deep petrosal n.

60
Q

sympathetic postganglionic fibers from the internal carotid plexus help to [2]

A

dilate the pupil (dilator pupillae)
keep eyelid elevated (tarsal smooth muscle)

61
Q

[parasympathetic/sympathetic] fibers synapse at the ciliary ganglion

A

parasympathetic

62
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers travel with the […] to the spinchter pupillae and ciliary muscle

A

short ciliary nerves

63
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers travel with the short ciliary nerves to innervate [2]

A

sphinter pupillae
ciliary muscle

64
Q

parasympathetics […] pupil and […] lens to provide near vision

A

constrict
round

65
Q

sympathetic nerves innervate what structures of the eye [2]

A

dilator pupillae
superior and inferior tarsal muscles

66
Q

how would a lesion in CN IV affect the patient’s gaze?

A

head tilts away from affected side

diplopia worse on downward gaze

67
Q

how would a lesion in CN VI affect the patient’s gaze?

A

cannot look laterally with affected eye

68
Q

how would a lesion in CN III affect the patient’s gaze? [3]

A

down and out eye
complete ptosis
pupil dilation

69
Q

why does an oculomotor palsy cause a down and out eye?

A

loss of ocular muscle innervation except SO and LR

70
Q

why does an oculomotor palsy cause complete ptosis?

A

loss of innervation to levator palpebrae

71
Q

why does an oculomotor palsy cause pupil dilation?

A

loss of parasympathetic innervation to pupil

72
Q

a lesion affecting the sympathetic chain would cause?

A

Horner’s syndrome

miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis

73
Q

corneal reflex
afferent:
efferent:

A

afferent: V1
efferent: CN VII

74
Q

layers of the eyeball

A

fibrous: sclera, cornea
vascular: choroid, ciliary body, iris
inner: retina

75
Q

conjunctiva that lines the innermost part of the eyelids

A

palpebral

76
Q

conjunctiva that lines the outermost part of the eyeball

A

bulbar (ocular)

77
Q

rupture of the ciliary arteries can cause […]

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

78
Q

increased CSF pressure would cause occlusion of what vascular structure in the eye?

A
  1. central retinal vein (first)
  2. central retinal artery
79
Q

superior tarsal muscle is innervated by

A

sympathetic fibers

80
Q

orbicularis oculi is innervated by

A

CN VII

81
Q

damage of CN III will cause a […] ptosis

A

complete

82
Q

damage to the sympathetic fibers will cause […] ptosis

A

partial

(like in Horner’s syndrome)

83
Q

center of vision

A

macula

84
Q

area of macula most concentrated by cones

A

fovea

85
Q

papilledema is caused by […]

A

increased ICP

86
Q

arterial supply to the eye is coming from […] via […]

A

internal carotid a.
via. ophthalmic a.

87
Q

supratrochlear a. anastomoses with

A

facial a.

88
Q

supraorbital a. anastomoses with

A

superficial temporal a.

89
Q

the lacrimal artery anastomoses with the

A

middle meningeal a.

90
Q

arteries that supply the choroid plexus [2]

A

anterior ciliary a.
short posterior ciliary a.

91
Q

ophthalmic veins are valveless and can communicate directly with […] [2]

A

cavernous sinus (cavernous sinus thrombosis)

pterygoid plexus of veins

92
Q

tears come from the lacrimal gland and are washed over the eye, before entering the […] and draining into the […]

A

puncta
lacrimal canaliculi

(then lacrimal sac –> drain via nasolacrimal duct)

93
Q

the nasolacrimal duct drains into the […]

A

inferior meatus of nose

(why your nose runs when you cry)

94
Q

tear production is done by what CN?

A

parasympathetics of CN VII

(via greater petrosal n., then eventually follows lacrimal n.)

95
Q

functions of lacrimal n [2]

A

sensory: pain
parasympathetic: serous secretion for gland (via CN VII and greater petrosal)

96
Q

space between the cornea and the iris/pupil

A

anterior chamber

97
Q

space between the iris/pupil and the lens/ciliary body

A

posterior chamber

98
Q

secretes aqueous humor

A

ciliary processes

99
Q

circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

A

ciliary body

100
Q

blockage of Schlemm’s canal (scleral venous sinus) causes

A

glaucoma

101
Q

describe the flow of aqueous humor

A

ciliary process –> posterior chamber –> through pupil –> anterior chamber –> drains via scleral venous sinus (Schlemm’s)

102
Q

when the ciliary muscles are relaxed, how does this effect the lens?

A

tension on zonular fibers of lens causes lens to be stretched for far sight

103
Q

when the ciliary muscles contract, how does this effect the lens?

A

less tension on zonular fibers of the lens, lens rounds up to allow for near sight

(i.e. reading)

104
Q

the ciliary body is innervated by […] fibers

A

parasympathetic

105
Q

allow for accommodation [3]

A

convergence (medial rectus)
adjust lens thickness (PSNS)
pupillary constriction (PSNS)

(used when reading)

106
Q

rupture of […] causes hyphema

A

ciliary arteries

107
Q

blood in the anterior chamber

A

hyphema

108
Q

how can hyphema lead to vision loss if left untreated?

A

increased intraoccular pressure can damage retina/optic nerve

109
Q

attaches to the tarsal plate and is the primary elevator of the eyelid

A

levator palpebrae

110
Q

weakness in the levator palpebrae muscle results in […]

A

ptosis

(may reflect a problem with CN III)

111
Q

the smooth muscle of the eyelid is innervated by […] fibers

A

sympathetic

(damage to sympathetic fibers results in partial ptosis)

112
Q

acts as the primary elevator of the eyeball

A

superior rectus

113
Q

muscle of the iris that constricts the pupil

A

constrictor pupillae

(parasympathetic)

114
Q

damage to the parasympathetic fibers results in […] of the pupil

A

dilation

115
Q

damage to the sympathetic fibers results in […] of the pupil

A

constriction

116
Q

a lesion of the abducens results in [2]

A

internal strabismus (medial deviation)
diplopia

117
Q

paralysis of the medial rectus would result in

A

external strabismus (lateral deviation)

118
Q

loss of visual accomodation is due to a lesion in the […] nerve fibers to the ciliary muscle

A

parasympathetic

119
Q

damage to […] would result in inability to tightly close the eye

A

CN VII

120
Q

total occlusion of the central retinal artery would result in

A

blindness of that eye

121
Q

when a person is crying, what structure opens the lacrimal sac to drain the tears?

A

lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi

122
Q

opens the eyelid

A

levator palpebrae

123
Q

[…] gently closes the eyelid and […] tightly closes the eyelid

A

palpebral part of orbicularis oculi gently closes the eyelid and orbital part of orbicularis oculi tightly closes the eyelid

124
Q

leads tears from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac

A

lacrimal canaliculi

125
Q

which CN is an extension of the cranial meninges?

A

CN II

(can be used to evaluate for increased ICP)

126
Q

between what 2 layers will a contact lens be stuck?

A

bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

127
Q

space between the iris and lens

A

posterior chamber

128
Q

potential space that forms during retinal detachment

A

between the neural retina and pigmented retina

129
Q

supplies the calvaria

A

middle meningeal artery

130
Q

damage to […] results in an epidural hematoma

A

middle meningeal artery

131
Q

arteries that supply the skin of the face and forehead [2]

A

supraorbital
supratrochlear

132
Q

supplies the nasal septum and contributes to Kesselbach’s plexus

A

anterior ethmoidal a

133
Q

blowout fractures usually occur […] and […]

A

medially
inferiorly

(involve maxillary)

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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