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BMB Test 2 > B7-038 Motor Control > Flashcards

B7-038 Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

disinhibited spinal cord reflexes [2]

A

extensor plantar response
triple flexion response

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2
Q

the lateral corticospinal tract crosses at the medullary […]

A

pyramids

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3
Q

the lateral motor systems control [2]

A

distal limb muscles
fine motor control

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4
Q

the medial motor systems control [2]

A

axial/proximal limb muscles for posture
extra-ocular and neck muscles for head/eye orientation

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5
Q

where is the rubrospinal tract located in the cord?

A

lateral funiculus

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6
Q

tracts located in the ventral column [5]

A

vestibulospinal
pontine reticulospinal
ventral corticospinal
medial longitudinal fasciculus
tectospinal

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7
Q

tracts in the […] control muscles in the distal limbs and mediate fine, skilled movements

A

lateral funiculus

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8
Q

tracts in the […] control the muscles of the trunk and proximal limbs controlling posture and gross movements

A

ventral column

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9
Q

the […] portion of the ventral horn innervates axial and proximal muscles

A

medial

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10
Q

the […] portion of the ventral horn contains LMNs for the distal muscles of the limbs

A

lateral

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11
Q

in the ventral horn, motor neurons controlling flexors are more […] and those controlling extensors are more […]

A

dorsal
ventral

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12
Q

what tract does movement of contralateral limbs? [2]

A

lateral corticospinal
rubrospinal

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13
Q

what corticospinal tract controls gross movements of bilateral axial and girdle muscles?

A

anterior corticospinal tract

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14
Q

[…] vestibulospinal tract controls positioning of the head and neck

A

medial

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15
Q

what tract controls balance?

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

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16
Q

what tract controls autonomic posture and gait related movement?

A

reticulospinal

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17
Q

what tract coordinates head and eye movements?

A

tectospinal

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18
Q

originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain

A

rubrospinal tract

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19
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract dessucate?

A

ventral tegmentum in the midbrain

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20
Q

possibly has a role in recovery following injury to the lateral corticospinal tract

A

rubrospinal tract

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21
Q

the rubrospinal tract only goes to the […] cord

A

cervical

controls distal arm muscles

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22
Q

the […] corticospinal tract influences the extensors more than the flexors

A

lateral corticospinal

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23
Q

the […] tract influences the flexors more than the extensors

A

rubrospinal tract

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24
Q

does not dessucate
descends ipsilaterally in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord to provide voluntary posture control

A

anterior corticospinal

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25
Q

in the cervical and thoracic cord
influences motor neurons innervating voluntary movements of axial and limb girdle muscles

A

anterior (ventral) corticospinal

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26
Q

does not dessucate
descends ipsilaterally in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord to provide unconscious posture and balance of the axial and appendicular extensors

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

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27
Q

runs through the entire cord to innervate motor axons of the axial and limb girdle muscles for unconscious posture and balance

A

lateral vestibulospinal

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28
Q

reticulospinal tract that innervates flexors

A

medullary reticular formation

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29
Q

reticulospinal tract that innervates extensors

A

pontine reticular formation

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30
Q

controls posture/gait related movements as well as respiration/autonomic movements

A

reticulospinal tract

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31
Q

reticulospinal tract that runs through the ipsilateral anterior funiculus

A

pontine reticular formation

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32
Q

reticulospinal tract that runs bilaterally through the lateral funiculus

A

medullary reticular formation

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33
Q

influence intercostal muscles and diaphragm

A

reticulospinal tract

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34
Q

decorticate posturing indicates a lesion where?

A

between the motor cortex and the red nucleus

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35
Q

flexion of arms
extension of legs

A

decorticate posturing

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36
Q

what nuclei account for the abnormal posturing of decorticate posturing?

A

flexion of arms (red nucleus)
extension of legs (vestibular nuclei)

37
Q

decerebate posturing indicates a lesion where?

A

between red nucleus and vestibular nucleus

38
Q

extension of arms and legs is […] posturing

A

decerebate posturing

39
Q

what nuclei is responsible for decerebate posturing?

A

vestibular nuclei

40
Q

lesions of the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts cause

A

inability to maintain upright posture

41
Q

lesions of the rubrospinal tract causes […] if the corticospinal tract is intact

A

no deficit

42
Q

pure pyramidal lesions of the corticospinal tract would cause

A

mild distal weakness
loss of independent finger movements

very mild symptoms in isolation

43
Q

why are motor cortex lesions more severe that pyramidal tract lesions?

A

cortex: affect corticospinal, rubrospinal, and reticulospinal tracts

pyramidal: corticospinal only

44
Q

motor cortex lesions would cause

A

severe paralysis of contralateral muscles

intially flaccid, then spastic

45
Q

paramedian throughout the brainstem and cervical cord to control head and eye orientation

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

46
Q

frontal eye field that controls horizontal gaze

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

47
Q

frontal eye field that controls vertical gaze

A

rostal intestinal nucleus of the MLF (riMLF)

48
Q

[…] input into the MLF stabilize head and eye orientation

A

vestibular

49
Q

originates in the superior colliculus
fibers cross in tegmentum of midbrain

A

tectospinal tract

50
Q

mediates quick, reflexive orientation to visual or auditory stimuli

A

tectospinal tract

51
Q

travels just ventral to the MLF

A

tectospinal tract

52
Q

facial motor nucleus to upper face is

A

bilateral

53
Q

facial motor nucleus to lower face is

A

contralateral

54
Q

the accessory nucleus controls […] SCM

A

ipsilateral

55
Q

descending motor systems can directly innervate [4]

A

alpha motor neurons
gamma motor neurons
interneurons
modulate spinal cord reflexes

56
Q

limited damage to the anterior horn would result in […] segmental muscle weakness

A

ipsilateral

57
Q

damage to the brain stem results in […] rigidity

A

decerebate

58
Q

damage to the motor centers superior to the brainstem results in […] rigidity

A

decorticate

59
Q

decerebate posturing results from a lesion where?

A

between the red nucleus and the vestibular nuclei

60
Q

the vestibular nuclei cause activation of […] muscles via the lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

extensors

61
Q

the red nucleus activates the […] of the upper extremity

A

flexors

62
Q

responsible for reflexive control of axial and proximal limb muscles in response to vestibular input

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

63
Q

influence motor neurons of the distal limbs responsible for fine movements [2]

A

lateral corticospinal and rubrospinal

64
Q

influences head and eye movements in combination with the vestibulospinal tract

A

MLF

65
Q

the motor neurons in the lateral portions of the ventral horn innervate […]

A

distal limb muscles (fingers/toes)

66
Q

innervated by motor neurons in the medial ventral horn

A

proximal muscles (quads, shoulders)

67
Q

the SCM is influenced by descending fibers from the […] motor cortex

A

ipsilateral

68
Q

the […] nucleus is influenced by both motor cortices so unilateral damage to one cortex does not cause clinically evident tongue weakness

A

hypoglossal

69
Q

discrete lesions affecting the corticospinal tract alone are typically manifested by

A

mild weakness
clumsiness of distal limb muscles

70
Q

a lesion of the midbrain tectum would affect the [2]

A

superior colliculus
tectospinal tract

71
Q

mediates quick, reflexive orientation to visual or auditory stimuli

A

tectospinal tract

72
Q

[…] colliculi of the midbrain responds to optic stimuli

A

superior

73
Q

[…] colliculi of the midbrain responds to auditory stimuli

A

inferior

74
Q

both rubrospinal tracts and medullary reticulospinal tract stimulate the […] muscles

A

flexor

75
Q

[…] corticospinal tract controls fine and precise movements of the distal muscles

A

lateral corticospinal

76
Q

the […] corticospinal tract controls gross movements of axial muscles

A

anterior

77
Q

four subcortical descending tracts [4]

(not consciously aware of these movements)

A

vestibulospinal
pontine reticulospinal
rubrospinal
medullary reticulospina

78
Q

vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal control […] muscles

A

extensor

79
Q

rubrospinal and medullary reticulospinal control […] muscles

A

flexor

80
Q

[…] vestibulospinal tract acts on the head and neck

A

medial

81
Q

[…] vestibulospinal tract acts on the axial and appendicular extensor muscles

A

lateral

82
Q

the vestibular nuclei send fibers upward via the […] to facilitate eye and gaze movements

A

MLF

83
Q

the absences of regulation of the […] tract results in extensor hypertonus

A

vestibulospinal

84
Q

assists the vestibulospinal tract in acting on extensor muscles

A

pontine reticulospinal tract

85
Q

rubrospinal fibers dessucate in the […] and descend as the rubrospinal tract

A

ventral midbrain tegmentum

86
Q

assists the corticospinal tract in limb flexion

A

rubrospinal tract

87
Q

facilitates mostly upper limb flexion

A

rubrospinal tract

88
Q

assists the rubrospinal tract in acting on flexor muscles

A

medullary reticulospinal

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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