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BMB Test 2 > B7-038 Motor Control > Flashcards

B7-038 Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

disinhibited spinal cord reflexes [2]

A

extensor plantar response
triple flexion response

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2
Q

the lateral corticospinal tract crosses at the medullary […]

A

pyramids

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3
Q

the lateral motor systems control [2]

A

distal limb muscles
fine motor control

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4
Q

the medial motor systems control [2]

A

axial/proximal limb muscles for posture
extra-ocular and neck muscles for head/eye orientation

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5
Q

where is the rubrospinal tract located in the cord?

A

lateral funiculus

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6
Q

tracts located in the ventral column [5]

A

vestibulospinal
pontine reticulospinal
ventral corticospinal
medial longitudinal fasciculus
tectospinal

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7
Q

tracts in the […] control muscles in the distal limbs and mediate fine, skilled movements

A

lateral funiculus

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8
Q

tracts in the […] control the muscles of the trunk and proximal limbs controlling posture and gross movements

A

ventral column

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9
Q

the […] portion of the ventral horn innervates axial and proximal muscles

A

medial

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10
Q

the […] portion of the ventral horn contains LMNs for the distal muscles of the limbs

A

lateral

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11
Q

in the ventral horn, motor neurons controlling flexors are more […] and those controlling extensors are more […]

A

dorsal
ventral

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12
Q

what tract does movement of contralateral limbs? [2]

A

lateral corticospinal
rubrospinal

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13
Q

what corticospinal tract controls gross movements of bilateral axial and girdle muscles?

A

anterior corticospinal tract

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14
Q

[…] vestibulospinal tract controls positioning of the head and neck

A

medial

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15
Q

what tract controls balance?

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

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16
Q

what tract controls autonomic posture and gait related movement?

A

reticulospinal

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17
Q

what tract coordinates head and eye movements?

A

tectospinal

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18
Q

originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain

A

rubrospinal tract

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19
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract dessucate?

A

ventral tegmentum in the midbrain

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20
Q

possibly has a role in recovery following injury to the lateral corticospinal tract

A

rubrospinal tract

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21
Q

the rubrospinal tract only goes to the […] cord

A

cervical

controls distal arm muscles

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22
Q

the […] corticospinal tract influences the extensors more than the flexors

A

lateral corticospinal

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23
Q

the […] tract influences the flexors more than the extensors

A

rubrospinal tract

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24
Q

does not dessucate
descends ipsilaterally in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord to provide voluntary posture control

A

anterior corticospinal

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25
in the cervical and thoracic cord influences motor neurons innervating voluntary movements of axial and limb girdle muscles
anterior (ventral) corticospinal
26
does not dessucate descends ipsilaterally in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord to provide unconscious posture and balance of the axial and appendicular extensors
lateral vestibulospinal tract
27
runs through the entire cord to innervate motor axons of the axial and limb girdle muscles for unconscious posture and balance
lateral vestibulospinal
28
reticulospinal tract that innervates flexors
medullary reticular formation
29
reticulospinal tract that innervates extensors
pontine reticular formation
30
controls posture/gait related movements as well as respiration/autonomic movements
reticulospinal tract
31
reticulospinal tract that runs through the ipsilateral anterior funiculus
pontine reticular formation
32
reticulospinal tract that runs bilaterally through the lateral funiculus
medullary reticular formation
33
influence intercostal muscles and diaphragm
reticulospinal tract
34
decorticate posturing indicates a lesion where?
between the motor cortex and the red nucleus
35
flexion of arms extension of legs
decorticate posturing
36
what nuclei account for the abnormal posturing of decorticate posturing?
flexion of arms (red nucleus) extension of legs (vestibular nuclei)
37
decerebate posturing indicates a lesion where?
between red nucleus and vestibular nucleus
38
extension of arms and legs is [...] posturing
decerebate posturing
39
what nuclei is responsible for decerebate posturing?
vestibular nuclei
40
lesions of the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts cause
inability to maintain upright posture
41
lesions of the rubrospinal tract causes [...] if the corticospinal tract is intact
no deficit
42
pure pyramidal lesions of the corticospinal tract would cause
mild distal weakness loss of independent finger movements very mild symptoms in isolation
43
why are motor cortex lesions more severe that pyramidal tract lesions?
cortex: affect corticospinal, rubrospinal, and reticulospinal tracts pyramidal: corticospinal only
44
motor cortex lesions would cause
severe paralysis of contralateral muscles intially flaccid, then spastic
45
paramedian throughout the brainstem and cervical cord to control head and eye orientation
medial longitudinal fasciculus
46
frontal eye field that controls horizontal gaze
paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)
47
frontal eye field that controls vertical gaze
rostal intestinal nucleus of the MLF (riMLF)
48
[...] input into the MLF stabilize head and eye orientation
vestibular
49
originates in the superior colliculus fibers cross in tegmentum of midbrain
tectospinal tract
50
mediates quick, reflexive orientation to visual or auditory stimuli
tectospinal tract
51
travels just ventral to the MLF
tectospinal tract
52
facial motor nucleus to upper face is
bilateral
53
facial motor nucleus to lower face is
contralateral
54
the accessory nucleus controls [...] SCM
ipsilateral
55
descending motor systems can directly innervate [4]
alpha motor neurons gamma motor neurons interneurons modulate spinal cord reflexes
56
limited damage to the anterior horn would result in [...] segmental muscle weakness
ipsilateral
57
damage to the brain stem results in [...] rigidity
decerebate
58
damage to the motor centers superior to the brainstem results in [...] rigidity
decorticate
59
decerebate posturing results from a lesion where?
between the red nucleus and the vestibular nuclei
60
the vestibular nuclei cause activation of [...] muscles via the lateral vestibulospinal tract
extensors
61
the red nucleus activates the [...] of the upper extremity
flexors
62
responsible for reflexive control of axial and proximal limb muscles in response to vestibular input
lateral vestibulospinal tract
63
influence motor neurons of the distal limbs responsible for fine movements [2]
lateral corticospinal and rubrospinal
64
influences head and eye movements in combination with the vestibulospinal tract
MLF
65
the motor neurons in the lateral portions of the ventral horn innervate [...]
distal limb muscles (fingers/toes)
66
innervated by motor neurons in the medial ventral horn
proximal muscles (quads, shoulders)
67
the SCM is influenced by descending fibers from the [...] motor cortex
ipsilateral
68
the [...] nucleus is influenced by both motor cortices so unilateral damage to one cortex does not cause clinically evident tongue weakness
hypoglossal
69
discrete lesions affecting the corticospinal tract alone are typically manifested by
mild weakness clumsiness of distal limb muscles
70
a lesion of the midbrain tectum would affect the [2]
superior colliculus tectospinal tract
71
mediates quick, reflexive orientation to visual or auditory stimuli
tectospinal tract
72
[...] colliculi of the midbrain responds to optic stimuli
superior
73
[...] colliculi of the midbrain responds to auditory stimuli
inferior
74
both rubrospinal tracts and medullary reticulospinal tract stimulate the [...] muscles
flexor
75
[...] corticospinal tract controls fine and precise movements of the distal muscles
lateral corticospinal
76
the [...] corticospinal tract controls gross movements of axial muscles
anterior
77
four subcortical descending tracts [4] (not consciously aware of these movements)
vestibulospinal pontine reticulospinal rubrospinal medullary reticulospina
78
vestibulospinal and pontine reticulospinal control [...] muscles
extensor
79
rubrospinal and medullary reticulospinal control [...] muscles
flexor
80
[...] vestibulospinal tract acts on the head and neck
medial
81
[...] vestibulospinal tract acts on the axial and appendicular extensor muscles
lateral
82
the vestibular nuclei send fibers upward via the [...] to facilitate eye and gaze movements
MLF
83
the absences of regulation of the [...] tract results in extensor hypertonus
vestibulospinal
84
assists the vestibulospinal tract in acting on extensor muscles
pontine reticulospinal tract
85
rubrospinal fibers dessucate in the [...] and descend as the rubrospinal tract
ventral midbrain tegmentum
86
assists the corticospinal tract in limb flexion
rubrospinal tract
87
facilitates mostly upper limb flexion
rubrospinal tract
88
assists the rubrospinal tract in acting on flexor muscles
medullary reticulospinal

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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