B7-032 CBCL Visual Field Abnormalities Flashcards
Supplemented wi/ info from Ninja Nerd
1
Q
the retina is divided into [2]
A
temporal hemiretina
nasal hemiretina
2
Q
the temporal and nasal hemiretinas receive information from the […] visual field
A
contralateral
3
Q
the right temporal hemiretina receives information from the […] visual field
A
left
4
Q
the right nasal hemiretina receives information from the […] visual field
A
right
5
Q
anything that comes from the left, goes to the […]
A
right
6
Q
anything that comes from the right, goes to the […]
A
left
7
Q
where fibers coming from the nasal hemiretina of each eye cross
A
optic chiasma
8
Q
the optic chiasma is located immediately inferior to the
A
hypothalamus
9
Q
every optic tract is formed by one […] fiber and one […] fiber
A
ipsilateral
contralateral
10
Q
most fibers from the optic tract project to […] in the thalamus
A
lateral geniculate body
(some go to the pretectal nucleus)
11
Q
ipsilateral fibers go to layers [….] of the lateral geniculate body [3]
A
2, 3, 5
12
Q
contralateral fibers go to layers [….] of the lateral geniculate body [3]
A
1, 4, 6
13
Q
visual information from the […] radiates through the temporal lobe (Mayer’s loop)
A
inferior retinal fibers
14
Q
visual information from the […] radiates through the parietal lobe
A
superior retinal fibers
15
Q
optic radiations coming from the lateral geniculate body move into […] of the occipital lobe
A
striate cortex
16
Q
if the optic nerve from one eye gets damaged, what visual field abnormality is observed?
A
monocular blindness (anopia)
information from both visual fields of the same eye is lost
17
Q
causes of monocular blindness [2]
A
optic neuritis
central retinal artery occlusion
18
Q
if the optic chiasma gets damaged, information coming from […] will be lost
A
both nasal hemiretinas
visual sensation from the temporal visual fields will be lost
19
Q
if the optic chaisma from one eye gets damaged, what visual field abnormality is observed?
A
bitemporal hemianopia
20
Q
causes of bitemporal hemianopia [2]
A
pituitary adenoma
craniopharyngioma
21
Q
if the ipsilateral fibers on the right eye are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed on the left?
A
information from the nasal (left) vision field will be lost
22
Q
if the ipsilateral fibers on the left eye are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
A
information from the nasal (right) vision field will be lost
23
Q
if the ipsilateral fibers on the both eyes are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
A
binasal hemianopia
24
Q
causes of binasal hemianopia
A
internal carotid artery aneurism
25
if one optic tract is damaged, both [...] visual fields will be lost
contralateral
26
if the right optic tract is damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
left homonymous hemianopia
27
if the left optic tract is damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
right homonymous hemianopia
28
information from the superior visual field goes to the [...] hemiretina
inferior
29
information from the inferior visual field goes to the [...] hemiretina
superior
30
if the right superior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
left inferior quadrantanopia
31
if the left superior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
right inferior quadrantanopia
32
causes of right/left inferior quadrantanopia
damage to parietal lobe optic radiation
33
if the right inferior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
left superior quadrantanopia
34
if the left inferior retinal fibers are damaged, what visual field defect will be observed?
right superior quadrantanopia
35
causes of right/left superior quadrantanopia
middle cerebral artery occlusion
36
if the optic radiation of one side get damaged, information from the [...] visual field will be lost
contralateral
37
blood supply to the occipital lobe [2]
medial cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
38
if there is a lesion in the PCA, the MCA can still supply the occipital lobe resulting in [...]
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
39
cause of contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
PCA occlusion
40
the part of the right eye that receives information from the right visual field is the [...] hemiretina
nasal
41
structure formed by the crossing of fibers coming from nasal hemiretina of both eyes
optic chiasma
42
if a person suffer a MCA infarct damaging the left inferior retinal fibers, what area of the visual field will be affected?
right superior visual field
43
damage to [...] will result in binasal hemianopia
both ipsilateral fibers
44
optic chiasm sits above the [...] and below the [...]
sella tursica
pituitary gland
45
first order neuron of visual system
ganglion cells
46
second order neuron of visual system
cell bodies of LGN
47
inferior visual fields project to the [...] visual cortex
superior
48
superior visual fields project to the [...] visual cortex
inferior
49
the superior and inferior visual cortices are separated by the [...] fissure
calcharine
50
the overlap between visual fields from the left and right eye is about [...] degrees
130
51
what allows for stereovision?
visual field overlap between the left and right eye
52
images projected onto the retina are [...] and [...]
upside down
backwards
53
the superior visual field is projected to the [...] retina
inferior
54
the inferior visual field is projected to the [...] retina
superior
55
corresponds to the optic nerve head where there are no photoreceptors
physiologic blind spot
56
the center of vision corresponds to the [...] of the macula
fovea
57
left visual fields project to the [...] occipital cortex
right
58
right visual fields project to the [...] occipital cortex
left
59
the nasal retinal fibers (from temporal fields) are [...]
crossed
60
the temporal retinal fibers (from nasal fields) are [...]
uncrossed
61
visual acuity of [central/peripheral] vision is higher
central
(larger area of the cortex devoted to it)
62
central vision goes to the [...] occipital cortex
posterior
63
peripheral vision goes to the [...] occipital cortex
anterior
64
the upper visual fields go to the [...] occipital cortex
inferior
65
the inferior visual fields go to the [...] occipital cortex
superior
66
a lesion in the optic nerve anterior to the chiasm would cause
monocular visual defect
(if its not a complete lesion can just have blurriness)
67
a lesion in the optic chiasm would cause
bitemporal hemianopia
68
bilateral lesions in the ipsilateral fibers would cause
binasal hemianopia
(rare, he mentioned a patient with **bilateral carotid aneurysms**)
69
a retrochiasmatic lesion would cause
(can be in optic tract, visual radiations, or occipital cortex)
homonymous hemianopia
(will have to rely on other affected regions to localize lesion)
70
a lesion in meyer's loop the would cause
upper quadrantanopia
**temporal lobe lesion**
71
the radiations for the superior visual field go through the [...] lobe
temporal (meyer's loop)
72
the radiations for the inferior visual field go through the [...] lobe
parietal
73
a lesion in the dorsal optic radiation would cause
lower quadrantanopia
**parietal lobe lesion**
74
a posterior pole of the occipital lobe is supplied by [2]
PCA (mostly)
MCA
75
a stroke in the vessels supplying the posterior pole of the occipital lobe would cause
homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
76
visual information from the same field of different eyes becomes co-registered the further posterior in the visual system
congruity
77
in a patient with homonymous hemianopia, what can help localize the lesion?
congruity
the more anterior the lesion, the more in-congruent
the more posterior the lesion, the more congruent
78
can cause complete visual loss [3]
chiasmal lesion
occipital lobe lesion
occlusion of basilar artery (macular sparing)
79
complete visual loss with macular sparing
occlusion of basilar artery
80
represents the smallest size that can be identified
visual acuity
81
used to measure visual acuity
Snellen chart
82
most common cause of visual acuity loss
refractive error
(allow use of corrective lenses or pinholes to evaluate visual acuity)
83
test to detect subtle optic nerve lesion
swinging flashlight test
84
normal response to swinging flashlight test
both pupils constrict
85
pupil remains dilated in one eye despite exposure to bright light
afferent pupillary defect (optic neuropathy)
"Marcus Gunn pupil"
86
more sensitive test of optic neuropathy than visual acuity
color desaturation
(color will appear darker, less saturated to affected eye)
87
used to map the visual field [2]
visual field testing (bedside)
Humphrey fields
88
what explains the presence of the physiologic blind spot?
optic nerve head exiting globe
there are no motor receptors here to detect incoming light
89
responsible for receiving visual information from the fovea
posterior occipital pole
90
a posterior occipital pole lesions would cause what defect?
defect of central vision with impaired acuity
91
an anterior occipital pole lesions would cause what defect?
defect of peripheral vision with preserved acuity
92
reduce the impact of refractive error [2]
corrective lenses
pinhole
93
a lesion in the left temporal lobe would cause what defect?
right upper quadrantanopia
94
a lesion in the left parietal lobe would cause what defect?
right lower quadrantanopia
95
right afferent pupillary defect and color desaturation would indicate a [...] lesion
right optic nerve lesion
**ipsilateral**
96
what localization can you be certain of with presentation of homonymous hemianopsia?
retrochiasmatic
97
central vision is served by the [...] pole of the occipital
posterior
98
peripheral vision is served by the [...] pole of the occipital
anterior
99
a mid-line lesion of the optic chiasm causes
bitemporal hemianopia
100
lesions of the optic tract, visual radiation, and occipital lobe would cause [...]
hemianopia
101
:)
102
with increased age there is loss of [...]
accomodation
**classic presbyopia**
103
pale optic disc is a finding classic of
chronic optic neuropathy
104
the presence of an afferent pupillary defect and color desaturation indicate [...]
optic neuropathy
105
results from swelling of the optic nerve head
papilledema
106
papilledema is commonly caused by [2]
increased ICP
inflammation of the anterior optic nerve
107
non-congruity of the visual fields indicates a lesion where in the visual pathway?
more anterior
108
spared peripheral vision with involved central vision indicates a lesion in the [...] lobe
posterior occipital
109
why is the occipital pole spared with infarcts?
anastomoses between the posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery
110
hemianopia that resolves with one eye covered demonstates
inconsistent visual field abnormality
(hemianopia should persist during monocular testing)
(may be a psychogenic issue)
111
monocular vision problems indicate an issue [...] to the optic chiasm
anterior
112
central vision loss
spared peripheral vision
bilateral occipital pole lesions
113
a chaism lesion would start with [...] and [...] that gradually worsen
bitemporal and hemianopias
114
left superior quadrantanopia involves the [...] lobe
temporal
115
homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
posterior cerebral artery stroke
116
is visual acuity affected in optic nerve lesions?
minimally
more likely to have color desaturation
117
why order a head CT without contrast in the evaluation of hemorrhage?
contrast can appear similar to hemorrhage on CT
118
hemorrhage in the brain tissue itself
intraparenchymal
119
what lesions in the optic pathway can result in monocular vision loss? [2]
optic nerve
retina
120
where is the lateral geniculate body located?
thalamus
