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BMB Test 2 > B7-034 Ophthalmologic Disease > Flashcards

B7-034 Ophthalmologic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

any opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye

A

cataracts

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2
Q

globally the leading cause of reversible blindness

A

cataracts

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3
Q

when the ciliary muscles contract, the zonules

A

relax

(lens rounds, accomodation)

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4
Q

congenital cause of cataracts

A

rubella

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5
Q

genetic causes of cataracts

A

Lowe syndrome
Wilson’s (copper in cornea)

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6
Q

[…] and […] have increased the development of posterior subcapsular cataracts

A

steroids
diabetes

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7
Q

stellate cataracts are often caused by

A

trauma

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8
Q

cloudy/blurry vision
glare/halos
loss of contrast sensitivity
frequent eyeglass prescription changes
second sight

A

cataracts

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9
Q

diagnosis of cataracts is done via

A

slit lamp exam

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10
Q

treatment for cataracts

A

phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement

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11
Q

most commonly performed surgical procedure in the US

A

cataract surgery

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12
Q

most common problem after cataract surgery

A

posterior capsular opacification

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13
Q

2nd most common cause of blindness worldwide

A

glaucoma

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14
Q

risk factors for open angle glaucoma [5]

A

advanced age
family hx
african-carribean descent
high IOP
thin cornea

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15
Q

diagnosis of glaucoma

A

IOP
OCT nerve
visual field test
gonioscopy (open vs. close)

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16
Q

only risk factor for glaucoma thats treatable is

A

high IOP

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17
Q

prostaglandin agonist increase the […] of the eye

A

outflow

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18
Q

beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease […] by inhibiting aqueous humor synthesis

A

IOP

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19
Q

what type of glaucoma is most likely to present acutely?

A

closed angle

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20
Q

pain
redness
hazy cornea
blurred vision
pupil is mid-dilated
naseau/vomiting/pain

A

closed angle glaucoma

21
Q

treatment of closed angle glaucoma

A

IV diamox
topical glaucoma medication
laser iridotomy

22
Q

leading cause of irreversible central vision loss

A

age related macular degeneration

23
Q

drusen in macula
(yellow spots)

A

age related macular degeneration dry

24
Q

risk factors for macular degeneration

A

age
smoking
genetics

25
Q

dry vs wet macular degeneration

A

dry: drusen only

wet: bleeding from choroid in addition to drusen

26
Q

management of dry macular degeneration

A

AREDS vitamins (slow process)
amsler grid testing (check for progression to wet)

27
Q

management of wet macular degeneration

A

anti-VEGF

28
Q

leading cause of vision loss worldwide in patients 25-74

A

diabetic retinopathy

29
Q

which type of diabetes has a higher risk of retinopathy?

A

type I

30
Q

diabetics can have retinopathy without visual complaint, so […] is crucial

A

annual screenings

31
Q

dot-and-blot hemorrhages
hard exudates
macular edema

A

mild-moderate diabetic retinopathy

32
Q

cotton wool spots
bleeding
irma

A

severe diabetic retinopathy

33
Q

neovascularization of eye
can lead to hemorrhage, retinal detachment

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

34
Q

what causes the development of neovascularization?

A

ischemia

35
Q

treatment for diabetic retinopathy

A

panretinal photocoagulation
anti-VEGF
surgery (vitrectomy)

36
Q

most popular elective surgery worldwide

A

laser vision correction

(reduces dependence on glasses)

37
Q

majority of the refractive power

A

2/3 in cornea

(1/3 in lens)

38
Q

where does laser vision correction occur

A

stroma- thickest part of cornea

39
Q

laser vision correction surgeries from most invasive to least invasive

A

PRK
LASIK
SMILE

40
Q

who should avoid LASIK? [5]

A

pregnant/nursing women
hx of autoimmune disease
history of HSV/other ocular infections
unrealistic expectations
unstable prescription

41
Q

[…] is observed in dry macular degeneration

A

drusen

42
Q

[…] is observed in wet macular degeneration

A

blood vessel proliferation

43
Q

increased IOP is seen in

A

glaucoma

44
Q

LASIK candidates must have a stable prescription for […]

A

1 year

45
Q

factors contributing to acute angle glaucomatous attack? [4]

A

anatomically narrow angles
increased lenticular size
cataract formation
dilation of pupil

46
Q

more likely to occur in insulin dependent diabetics

A

diabetic retinopathy

47
Q

to view a distant object, the ciliary muscle […] and the lens […] to focus light on the retina

A

relaxes
flattens

48
Q

to view a near object, the ciliary muscle […] and the lens […] to focus light on the retina

A

contracts
rounds

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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