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BMB Test 2 > B7-034 Ophthalmologic Disease > Flashcards

B7-034 Ophthalmologic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

any opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye

A

cataracts

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2
Q

globally the leading cause of reversible blindness

A

cataracts

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3
Q

when the ciliary muscles contract, the zonules

A

relax

(lens rounds, accomodation)

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4
Q

congenital cause of cataracts

A

rubella

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5
Q

genetic causes of cataracts

A

Lowe syndrome
Wilson’s (copper in cornea)

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6
Q

[…] and […] have increased the development of posterior subcapsular cataracts

A

steroids
diabetes

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7
Q

stellate cataracts are often caused by

A

trauma

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8
Q

cloudy/blurry vision
glare/halos
loss of contrast sensitivity
frequent eyeglass prescription changes
second sight

A

cataracts

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9
Q

diagnosis of cataracts is done via

A

slit lamp exam

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10
Q

treatment for cataracts

A

phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement

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11
Q

most commonly performed surgical procedure in the US

A

cataract surgery

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12
Q

most common problem after cataract surgery

A

posterior capsular opacification

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13
Q

2nd most common cause of blindness worldwide

A

glaucoma

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14
Q

risk factors for open angle glaucoma [5]

A

advanced age
family hx
african-carribean descent
high IOP
thin cornea

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15
Q

diagnosis of glaucoma

A

IOP
OCT nerve
visual field test
gonioscopy (open vs. close)

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16
Q

only risk factor for glaucoma thats treatable is

A

high IOP

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17
Q

prostaglandin agonist increase the […] of the eye

A

outflow

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18
Q

beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease […] by inhibiting aqueous humor synthesis

A

IOP

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19
Q

what type of glaucoma is most likely to present acutely?

A

closed angle

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20
Q

pain
redness
hazy cornea
blurred vision
pupil is mid-dilated
naseau/vomiting/pain

A

closed angle glaucoma

21
Q

treatment of closed angle glaucoma

A

IV diamox
topical glaucoma medication
laser iridotomy

22
Q

leading cause of irreversible central vision loss

A

age related macular degeneration

23
Q

drusen in macula
(yellow spots)

A

age related macular degeneration dry

24
Q

risk factors for macular degeneration

A

age
smoking
genetics

25
dry vs wet macular degeneration
dry: drusen only wet: bleeding from choroid in addition to drusen
26
management of dry macular degeneration
AREDS vitamins (slow process) amsler grid testing (check for progression to wet)
27
management of wet macular degeneration
anti-VEGF
28
leading cause of vision loss worldwide in patients 25-74
diabetic retinopathy
29
which type of diabetes has a higher risk of retinopathy?
type I
30
diabetics can have retinopathy without visual complaint, so [...] is crucial
annual screenings
31
dot-and-blot hemorrhages hard exudates macular edema
mild-moderate diabetic retinopathy
32
cotton wool spots bleeding irma
severe diabetic retinopathy
33
neovascularization of eye can lead to hemorrhage, retinal detachment
proliferative diabetic retinopathy
34
what causes the development of neovascularization?
ischemia
35
treatment for diabetic retinopathy
panretinal photocoagulation anti-VEGF surgery (vitrectomy)
36
most popular elective surgery worldwide
laser vision correction (reduces dependence on glasses)
37
majority of the refractive power
2/3 in cornea (1/3 in lens)
38
where does laser vision correction occur
stroma- thickest part of cornea
39
laser vision correction surgeries from most invasive to least invasive
PRK LASIK SMILE
40
who should avoid LASIK? [5]
pregnant/nursing women hx of autoimmune disease history of HSV/other ocular infections unrealistic expectations unstable prescription
41
[...] is observed in dry macular degeneration
drusen
42
[...] is observed in wet macular degeneration
blood vessel proliferation
43
increased IOP is seen in
glaucoma
44
LASIK candidates must have a stable prescription for [...]
1 year
45
factors contributing to acute angle glaucomatous attack? [4]
anatomically narrow angles increased lenticular size cataract formation dilation of pupil
46
more likely to occur in insulin dependent diabetics
diabetic retinopathy
47
to view a distant object, the ciliary muscle [...] and the lens [...] to focus light on the retina
relaxes flattens
48
to view a near object, the ciliary muscle [...] and the lens [...] to focus light on the retina
contracts rounds

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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