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BMB Test 2 > B7-035 Visual System 2 > Flashcards

B7-035 Visual System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

rolling eye in

A

intorsion

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2
Q

rolling eye out

A

extorsion

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3
Q

the cross bar of the H tests [2]

A

horizontal eye movement via lateral and medial rectus

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4
Q

abducting the eye and moving it up (elevating) tests

A

superior rectus

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5
Q

abducting the eye and moving it down (depressing) tests

A

inferior rectus

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6
Q

adducting the eye and moving it up (elevating) tests

A

inferior oblique

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7
Q

adducting the eye and moving it down (depressing) tests

A

superior oblique

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8
Q

paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle

A

abducens opthalmoplegia

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9
Q

in abducens opthalmoplegia, the affected eye deviates […] at rest

A

medially

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10
Q

affected eye doesn’t move laterally during lateral gaze

A

abducens opthalmoplegia

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11
Q

motor axons exit from the dorsal surface of the brainstem

A

trochlear

(only one of the motor eye nerves to come from dorsal brain stem, damage is to nerve itself not nucleus)

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12
Q

which nerve controlling eye movements is most likely to be damaged in head trauma?

A

trochlear, exits dorsal brainstem

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13
Q

excess extorsion of the eye
loss of intorsion

A

trochlear opthalmoplegia

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14
Q

patient tilts head away from affected eye to realign visual axis

A

trochlear opthalmoplegia

(forces unaffected eye to invert)

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15
Q

abduction of the affected eye (down and out)
ptosis
mydriasis

A

occulomotor opthalmoplegia

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16
Q

where are the frontal eye fields?

A

rostral to the motor cortex

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17
Q

UMN for control of eye movements

A

frontal eye fields

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18
Q

allows conjugate eye movement

A

frontal eye fields

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19
Q

left frontal eye field directs gaze to the […]

A

right

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20
Q

frontal eye fields direct gaze to the […] side

A

opposite

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21
Q

mediates gaze along the horizontal axis

A

Paramedian pontine reticular formation (horizontal gaze center)

(surrounds abducens nucleus)

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22
Q

how does the horizontal gaze center mediate voluntary right lateral gaze?

A
  1. signal from left frontal eye field goes to right abducens nucleus
  2. travels via right abducens to innervate right lateral rectus and
  3. signal simultaneously travels to left occulomotor nucleus via medial longitudinal fasiculus
  4. signal from left occulomotor nucleus travels through nerve to left medial rectus
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23
Q

damage to the horizontal gaze center causes

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

24
Q

a lesion of the medial longitudinal fasiculus would result in

A

failure of the ipsilateral eye to adduct

(internuclear ophthalmoplegia)

25
unaffected eye has nystagmus affected eye has impaired adduction
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
26
left vs. right internuclear ophthalmoplegia is established by the eye that [...]
does not adduct
27
attempted gaze to the right failure of left eye to adduct during H test nystagmus in right eye
left internuclear ophthalmoplegia
28
center that orients you to new stimuli
superior colliculus (has some affect on horizontal gaze to orient eye to new stimulus)
29
visual information of smooth pursuit (tracking) enters the horizontal conjugate gaze centers via
visual cortex
30
allow for two eyes to track the same object and maintain gaze
vestibuloccular reflex (VOR) (goes through horizontal gaze centers)
31
abducens innervates
lateral rectus
32
trochlear innervates
superior oblique
33
in trochlear ophthalmoplegia, only one [...] muscle is innervated causing the affected eye to [...]
intorter extort
34
the horizontal gaze centers that control conjugate eye movements are in the [...] near the motor neurons in the [...] nucleus
pons abducens
35
right internuclear ophthalmoplegia is characterized by damage of the [....] which results in [...]
right MLF inability of the right eye to look to the left
36
what muscle does INO affect?
medial rectus
37
where is the lesion in INO?
MLF
38
what might you expect to see on H test in a patient with trochlear ophthalmoplegia?
unable to depress the eye to look down medially
39
in a patient with trochlear ophthalmoplegia, the lesion is [...] to the direction the head it tilting
contralateral (i.e., head tilting left, right eye is affected)
40
the troclear nucleus innervates the [...] muscle the trochlear nerve innervates the [...] muscle
contralateral ipsilateral (way to differentiate where the lesion is)
41
misalignment of the two eyes due to issues with the eye muscles
strabismus (needs to be corrected because normal visual input during development is required for proper development of binocular processing)
42
information from two eyes processed in the cortex
binocular processing
43
strabismus during development can interfere with
establishment of binocular neuronal processing in the cortex (affected eye will have less cortex devoted to it and never make proper connections)
44
treatment for strabismus [2]
surgery patching the "good" eye
45
information about color is encoded in the [...]
retina (then processed in parallel with form and motion)
46
objects in the binocular zone are not perceived as a single object until the information from each eye converges at the [...]
primary visual cortex (layer IV)
47
information from the contralateral visual field is represented in layers [....] of the LGN
1, 4 and 6
48
following an object in visual space
smooth pursuit (no saccades)
49
your eye movements involve saccades when
moving your eyes without following a target
50
maintains eye position fixed on a point when you move your head
VOR
51
nystagmus is due to activation by
inner ear
52
how is the visual cortex organized?
neurons are organized in ocular dominance columns that extend from pia to white matter
53
columns of cells in the visual cortex that respond to stimulation from one eye or the other
ocular dominance columns
54
the brain only processes information from the "good eye" and does not detect a difference in acuity between eyes
amblyopia
55
[...] is necessary for the correct development of connections in the visual system
normal, binocular vision
56
if a child has a monocular visual defect that is not corrected in childhood, what will happen?
trouble with depth perception due to impaired binocular vision

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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