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BMB Test 2 > B7-028 Brainstem Lesions > Flashcards

B7-028 Brainstem Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the brainstem?

A

midbrain

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2
Q

what part of the brainstem?

A

pons

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3
Q

what part of the brainstem?

A

medulla

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4
Q

supplies midline region of medulla

A

anterior spinal artery

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5
Q

supplies lateral regions of the medulla

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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6
Q

primary blood supply to the medulla

A

vertebral arteries

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7
Q

primary blood supply to the pons

A

basilar artery

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8
Q

analogous to ventral horn motor neurons in the spinal cord

A

motor nuclei

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9
Q

axons exit in cranial nerves and innervate head and neck muscles

A

motor nuclei

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10
Q

includes parasympathetic preganglions

A

motor nuclei

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11
Q

which CNs have motor nuclei? [8]

A

III
IV
V
VI
IX
X
XI
XII

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12
Q

receive information from primary receptor neurons

A

sensory nuclei

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13
Q

analogous to dorsal column nuclei

A

sensory nuclei

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14
Q

which CNs have sensory nuclei? [6]

A

I
II
V
VII
IX
X

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15
Q

what long tract(s) lie medially in the brainstem?

A

corticospinal
DC/ML

(deficit will be contralateral)

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16
Q

what long tract(s) lie laterally in the brainstem?

A

spinothalamic

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17
Q

what cranial nerves are in the medulla?

A

IX
X
XI (but motor nuclei is in SC)
XII

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18
Q

what artery supplies the medial medulla?

A

anterior spinal artery

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19
Q

what head and neck deficit would you seen with damage to the medial medulla?

A

ipsilateral tongue movement

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20
Q

what body deficit would you seen with damage to the medial medulla?

A

corticospinal and DC/ML

contralateral hemiplegia, and loss of touch and proprioception

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21
Q

what CNs lie in the pons?

A

V
VI
VII
VIII

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22
Q

what artery supplies the medial pons?

A

basilar

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23
Q

what head and neck deficit would you seen with damage to the medial pons?

A

ipsilateral eye movement

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24
Q

what body deficit would you seen with damage to the medial pons?

A

corticospinal and DC/ML

contralateral hemiplegia, and loss of touch and proprioception

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25
the posterior cerebral artery supplies the [...]
midbrain
26
PICA supplies the [...]
lateral medulla
27
the anterior spinal artery supples the [...]
medial medulla
28
the medial lemnisus would be found [...] in the brainstem and damage would cause loss of [...] touch and proprioception
medial contralateral
29
the spinothalamic tract would be found [...] in the brainstem and damage would cause loss of [...] pain and temperature sensation
lateral contralateral
30
hallmark of a brainstem lesion
deficit in ipsilateral head and contralateral body
31
when the hypoglossal nucleus is damaged, the tongue deviates [...] the side of the lesion
toward
32
CNs located in the forebrain
I II
33
CNs located in the midbrain
III IV
34
the oculomotor nuclei is located in the [...]
medial midbrain
35
the Edinger-westphal nuclei is located in the [...]
medial midbrain
36
the trochlear nuclei is located in the [...]
medial midbrain
37
the abducens nuclei is located in the [...]
medial pons
38
the superior salivatory nuclei is located in the [...]
medial pons
39
the motor trigeminal nuclei is located in the [...]
lateral pons
40
the motor facial nuclei is located in the [...]
medial pons
41
the principle sensory nuclei of trigeminal is located in the [...]
lateral pons
42
the spinal trigeminal nuclei is located in the [...]
lateral pons/medulla (extends down)
43
the hypoglossal nuclei is located in the [...]
medial medulla
44
the dorsal motor nuclei of vagus is located in the [...]
medial medulla
45
the inferior salivatory nuclei is located in the [...]
medial medulla
46
the nuclei ambiguus is located in the [...]
lateral medulla
47
the solitary nuclei is located in the [...]
lateral medulla
48
the vestibular nuclei is located in the [...]
lateral pons/medulla (extends down)
49
the cochlear nuclei is located in the [...]
lateral medulla
50
the spinal trigeminal nuclei is located in the [...]
lateral medulla
51
the accessory spinal nuclei is located in the [...]
medial spinal cord
52
label the cranial nerves
53
lesion of CN III would cause what symptoms and signs?
symptoms: binocular double vision, eyelid drooping, vision blurry signs: eye down and out, ptosis, mydriasis
54
an intra-axial lesion affecting CN III could also affect what other structure?
cerebral peduncle: DC/ML and corticospinal, maybe spinothalamic as well **contralateral**
55
describe the neural pathway for horizontal eye movements
originates in upper eye field --> paramedian pontine reticular formation --> abducens nucleus --> CN VI --> medial longtidinal fasiculus --> occulomotor nucleus ---> CN III (recruits both lateral rectus and medial rectus)
56
responsible for coordinating eye movements between nuclei for CN IV, VI, and III
medial longitudinal fasiculus
57
problem with the connection from frontal eye fields to paramedian pontine reticular formation
supranuclear lesion (UMN of horizontal eye movement pathway)
58
problem with the medial longitudinal fasciulus is called
internuclear lesion (of horizontal eye movement pathway)
59
problem with CN in horizontal eye movement pathway is called
intranuclear lesion
60
what can help differentiate between intra and extra axial lesions?
intra-axial lesions are likely to have involvement of the long tracts
61
syndrome: horizontal diplopia lesion: right extra-axial CN III etiology: ??
posterior communicating artery aneurysm (berry aneurysm) (supplies area of optic chiasm)
62
what symptoms/signs would a patient with a CN X lesion present with?
symptoms: difficulty swallowing, hoarseness signs: decreased palatal elevation (deviation of uvula to opposite side), hoarseness
63
an intra-axial lesion of the lateral medulla affecting CN X might also affect what other structures?
contralateral spinothalamic tract ipsilateral facial numbness (descending nucleus of V)
64
what nuclei are involved in the LMN corticobulbar tract? [3]
nucleus ambigous hypoglossal nucleus solitary nucleus
65
damage to the UMN corticobulbar tracts is called
pseudobulbar palsy **bilateral**
66
damage to the LMN corticobulbar tracts is called
bulbar palsy **unilateral**
67
what region of the brainstem does the sympathetic chain travel through?
dorsolateral (commonly affected by lesions nearby)
68
syndrome: dysphagia lesion: right lateral medulla etiology: ??
vertebral dissection due to PICA infarct
69
Horner's syndrome is characterized by damage to the sympathetic innervation on the [...] face
ipsilateral
70
damage to the pretectal region of the midbrain would result in
dilation of both eyes
71
anterior spinal artery supplies
medial medulla
72
paramedian branches of basilar arteries supply
pons
73
weak voice is characteristic of a stroke where?
posterior inferior cerebellar artery

BMB Test 2 (17 decks)

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