B6 animal nutrition

Question 1

define photosynthesis

Answer 1

• process by which plant synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials
• using energy from light

Question 2

word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen
in the presence of light. and chlorophyll

Question 3

what is chlorophyll

Answer 3

• green pigment
• found in chloroplasts

Question 4

balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis

Answer 4

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 5

what does chlorophyll do

Answer 5

• transfer energy from light into energy in chemicals
• for synthesis of carbohydrates

Question 6

what is starch used for (photosynthesis)

Answer 6

energy store

Question 7

what is cellulose used for

Answer 7

build cell walls

Question 8

what is glucose used for (photosynthesis)

Answer 8

respiration to provide energy

Question 9

what is sucrose used for

Answer 9

transport in phloem

Question 10

what is nectar used for

Answer 10

attract insects for pollination

Question 11

what are nitrate ions used for

Answer 11

making amino acids

Question 12

what are magnesium ions used for

Answer 12

making chlorophyll

Question 13

how does light intensity affect rate of photosynthesis

Answer 13

• light intensity inc, photosynthesis inc
• up to certain point, any further inc will not inc rate

Question 14

how does co2 conc affect photosynthesis

Answer 14

• conc inc, photosynthesis inc
• up to certain point, any further inc will not inc rate

Question 15

how does temp affect photosynthesis

Answer 15

• inc as temp inc
• up to point, then decreases
• because of denaturation of enzyme (photosynthesis is enzyme catalysed)

Question 16

how does hydrocarbonate indicator solution show how light intensity affects gas exchange in aquatic plant

Answer 16

• dark condition: respiration > photosynthesis, orange (high conc co2)
• light condition: photosynthesis > respiration, purple (low conc)
• control: equal, red (normal atmospheric conc)

Question 17

adaptations for photosynthesis

Answer 17

leaves have large surface area and are thin

Question 18

how does large leaf surface area improve photosynthesis

Answer 18

• larger area exposed to sunlight & air
• easier absorption of these materials

Question 19

how does thin leaf improve photosynthesis

Answer 19

• co2 from air diffuses quickly to photosynthetic cells
• light penetrates easily

Question 20

function of cuticle

Answer 20

stop water from evaporating from leaf

Question 21

adaptation of cuticle

Answer 21

waxy layer

Question 22

function of chloroplast

Answer 22

site of photosynthesis

Question 23

adaptation of chloroplast

Answer 23

• contain chlorophyll to absorb light
• contain enzymes and structures needed for photosynthesis

Question 24

function of upper epidermis

Answer 24

protect inner cells

Question 25

adaptation of upper epidermis

Answer 25

• thin layer wo chloroplasts
• let light pass thru for photosynthesis

Question 26

function of palisade mesophyll layer

Answer 26

tissue in which photosynthesis happens

Question 27

adaptation of palisade mesophyll layer

Answer 27

• box-shaped cells packed closely tg
• each cell has many chloroplasts to absorb more light

Question 28

function of xylem

Answer 28

carry water and mineral ions from roots to leaf

Question 29

adaptations of xylem

Answer 29

• made from dead cells
• form hollow, waterproof tubes thru which water passes

Question 30

function of phloem

Answer 30

carries sucrose away from leaf

Question 31

adaptations of phloem

Answer 31

consists of
- sieve tubes (thru which sucrose is transported)
- companion cells (provide energy for transport)

Question 32

function of vascular bundle

Answer 32

contain xylem and phloem tissues

Question 33

function of lower epidermis

Answer 33

protect inner cells

Question 34

adaptations of lower epidermis

Answer 34

• thin layer
• does not contain chloroplasts (except guard cells)
• lets light pass thru for photosynthesis

Question 35

function of guard cell

Answer 35

• work in pairs
• control size of opening of a stoma

Question 36

adaptations of guard cell

Answer 36

• entry/loss of water (osmosis) changes shape
• lead to opening/closing of stoma

Question 37

function of stomata

Answer 37

control diffusion of water vapour and gases in/out of leaf

Question 38

adaptations of stomata

Answer 38

• size of opening changes
• in response to internal/external environments of plant

Question 39

function of air spaces

Answer 39

allow diffusion of gases throughout leaf

Question 40

function of spongy mesophyll layer

Answer 40

site of gas exchange

Question 41

adaptations of spongy mesophyll layer

Answer 41

• cells loosely spaced
• creates air spaces to allow diffusion of gases throughout leaf

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45