B7 human nutrition

Question 1

what is meant by a balanced diet

Answer 1

• contain all nutrients needed by the body
• in the correct amounts
• to maintain health

Question 2

principal dietary sources of carbohydrates

Answer 2

pasta, bread

Question 3

principal dietary sources of fats and oils

Answer 3

avocado, nuts, olive oil

Question 4

principal dietary sources of proteins

Answer 4

meat, fish, egg

Question 5

principal dietary sources of vitamin c

Answer 5

oranges, red peppers

Question 6

principal dietary sources of vitamin d

Answer 6

salmon, cheese, egg

Question 7

principal dietary sources of calcium

Answer 7

milk, sardines, spinach

Question 8

principal dietary sources of iron

Answer 8

red meat, beans, nuts

Question 9

principal dietary sources of fibre

Answer 9

cereals, vegetables, fruit

Question 10

principal dietary sources of water

Answer 10

water and other drinks

Question 11

another word for fibre

Answer 11

roughage

Question 12

dietary importance of carbohydrates

Answer 12

provide energy

Question 13

dietary importance of fats and oils

Answer 13

provide energy

Question 14

dietary importance of proteins

Answer 14

growth and repair

Question 15

dietary importance of vitamin c

Answer 15

maintain healthy
- blood vessels
- skin
- cartilage
- bones

help with wound healing

Question 16

dietary importance of vitamin d

Answer 16

• regulate amt of calcium & phosphate in body
• necessary to keep teeth, bones, muscles healthy

Question 17

dietary importance of calcium

Answer 17

• strengthen bones, teeth
• helps with muscle contraction
• clotting wounds

Question 18

dietary importance of iron

Answer 18

production of haemoglobin for RBC

Question 19

dietary importance of fibre

Answer 19

• helps digestion
• move food and faeces along gut

Question 20

dietary importance of water

Answer 20

• around 60% of body mass is water
• needed in almost every process

Question 21

what is rickets caused by

Answer 21

lack of vitamin d

Question 22

what is scurvy caused by

Answer 22

lack of vitamin c

Question 23

what is duodenum

Answer 23

first part of small intestine

Question 24

what is ileum

Answer 24

last part of small intestine

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

define ingestion

Answer 26

- taking substances into body - though mouth

Question 27

define digestion

Answer 27

breakdown of food

Question 28

define absorption

Answer 28

movement of nutrients from intestines into blood

Question 29

define assimilation

Answer 29

uptake and use of nutrients by cells

Question 30

define egestion

Answer 30

removal of undigested food from body as faeces

Question 31

organs for ingestion

Answer 31

mouth

Question 32

organs for digestion

Answer 32

mouth, stomach, small intestine

Question 33

organs for absorption

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

organs for egestion

Answer 34

rectum, anus

Question 35

function of mouth/salivary glands

Answer 35

- physical digestion (chewing) - chemical digestion (amylase enzymes starch-->maltose) - bolus lubricated by saliva so can be swallowed easily

Question 36

function of oesophagus

Answer 36

- tube that connects mouth to stomach - wave-like contractions to push bolus down

Question 37

function of stomach

Answer 37

- physical digestion (churning) - chemical digestion - HCl

Question 38

function of small intestine

Answer 38

- duodenum: alkaline chemical digestion - ileum: absorption of water and digested food molecules (villi)

Question 39

function of large intestine

Answer 39

- water absorbed in colon - faeces stored in rectum and exit body via anus

Question 40

function of pancreas

Answer 40

produce all 3 digestive enzymes - protease - lipase - amylase secrete enzymes in alkaline fluid into duodenum

Question 41

function of liver

Answer 41

- amino acids broken down - produce bille

Question 42

function of gallbladder

Answer 42

store bile to release into duodenum

Question 43

define physical digestion

Answer 43

- breakdown of food into smaller pieces - without chemical change to food molecules

Question 44

why is physical digestion important

Answer 44

- increase SA of food - for action of enzymes in chemical digetion

Question 45

define chemical digestion

Answer 45

- breakdown of large insolube molecules - into small soluble molecules

Question 46

role of chemical digestion

Answer 46

produce small soluble molecules that can be absorbed

Question 47

function of amylase

Answer 47

breaks down starch into simple reducing sugars

Question 48

function of proteases

Answer 48

break down protein to amino acids

Question 49

function of lipase

Answer 49

break down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 50

where is amylase secreted

Answer 50

- salivary glands

Question 51

function of salivary glands

Answer 51

- produce saliva, secreted into mouth - mixes with ingested food to make it soft and easier to swallow - contain amylase

Question 52

where does amylase act

Answer 52

- mouth - small intestine

Question 53

where is protease secreted

Answer 53

- stomach - small intestine

Question 54

where does protease act

Answer 54

- stomach - small intestine

Question 55

where does lipase act

Answer 55

small intestine

Question 56

where is lipase secreted

Answer 56

pancreas

Question 57

function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

Answer 57

- kill harmful microorganisms in food - provide acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity of proteases

Question 58

what is bile and function

Answer 58

- alkaline mixture - neutralise acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering duodenum from stomach - provide suitable pH for enzyme action - emulsify fats (increase SA for chemical digestion)