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B7 human nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by a balanced diet

A
  • contain all nutrients needed by the body
  • in the correct amounts
  • to maintain health
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2
Q

principal dietary sources of carbohydrates

A

pasta, bread

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3
Q

principal dietary sources of fats and oils

A

avocado, nuts, olive oil

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4
Q

principal dietary sources of proteins

A

meat, fish, egg

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5
Q

principal dietary sources of vitamin c

A

oranges, red peppers

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6
Q

principal dietary sources of vitamin d

A

salmon, cheese, egg

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7
Q

principal dietary sources of calcium

A

milk, sardines, spinach

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8
Q

principal dietary sources of iron

A

red meat, beans, nuts

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9
Q

principal dietary sources of fibre

A

cereals, vegetables, fruit

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10
Q

principal dietary sources of water

A

water and other drinks

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11
Q

another word for fibre

A

roughage

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12
Q

dietary importance of carbohydrates

A

provide energy

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13
Q

dietary importance of fats and oils

A

provide energy

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14
Q

dietary importance of proteins

A

growth and repair

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15
Q

dietary importance of vitamin c

A

maintain healthy
- blood vessels
- skin
- cartilage
- bones

help with wound healing

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16
Q

dietary importance of vitamin d

A
  • regulate amt of calcium & phosphate in body
  • necessary to keep teeth, bones, muscles healthy
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17
Q

dietary importance of calcium

A
  • strengthen bones, teeth
  • helps with muscle contraction
  • clotting wounds
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18
Q

dietary importance of iron

A

production of haemoglobin for RBC

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19
Q

dietary importance of fibre

A
  • helps digestion
  • move food and faeces along gut
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20
Q

dietary importance of water

A
  • around 60% of body mass is water
  • needed in almost every process
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21
Q

what is rickets caused by

A

lack of vitamin d

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22
Q

what is scurvy caused by

A

lack of vitamin c

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23
Q

what is duodenum

A

first part of small intestine

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24
Q

what is ileum

A

last part of small intestine

26
Q

define ingestion

A
  • taking substances into body
  • though mouth
27
Q

define digestion

A

breakdown of food

28
Q

define absorption

A

movement of nutrients from intestines into blood

29
Q

define assimilation

A

uptake and use of nutrients by cells

30
Q

define egestion

A

removal of undigested food from body as faeces

31
Q

organs for ingestion

32
Q

organs for digestion

A

mouth, stomach, small intestine

33
Q

organs for absorption

A

small intestine

34
Q

organs for egestion

A

rectum, anus

35
Q

function of mouth/salivary glands

A
  • physical digestion (chewing)
  • chemical digestion (amylase enzymes starch–>maltose)
  • bolus lubricated by saliva so can be swallowed easily
36
Q

function of oesophagus

A
  • tube that connects mouth to stomach
  • wave-like contractions to push bolus down
37
Q

function of stomach

A
  • physical digestion (churning)
  • chemical digestion
  • HCl
38
Q

function of small intestine

A
  • duodenum: alkaline chemical digestion
  • ileum: absorption of water and digested food molecules (villi)
39
Q

function of large intestine

A
  • water absorbed in colon
  • faeces stored in rectum and exit body via anus
40
Q

function of pancreas

A

produce all 3 digestive enzymes
- protease
- lipase
- amylase

secrete enzymes in alkaline fluid into duodenum

41
Q

function of liver

A
  • amino acids broken down
  • produce bille
42
Q

function of gallbladder

A

store bile to release into duodenum

43
Q

define physical digestion

A
  • breakdown of food into smaller pieces
  • without chemical change to food molecules
44
Q

why is physical digestion important

A
  • increase SA of food
  • for action of enzymes in chemical digetion
45
Q

define chemical digestion

A
  • breakdown of large insolube molecules
  • into small soluble molecules
46
Q

role of chemical digestion

A

produce small soluble molecules that can be absorbed

47
Q

function of amylase

A

breaks down starch into simple reducing sugars

48
Q

function of proteases

A

break down protein to amino acids

49
Q

function of lipase

A

break down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol

50
Q

where is amylase secreted

A
  • salivary glands
51
Q

function of salivary glands

A
  • produce saliva, secreted into mouth
  • mixes with ingested food to make it soft and easier to swallow
  • contain amylase
52
Q

where does amylase act

A
  • mouth
  • small intestine
53
Q

where is protease secreted

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
54
Q

where does protease act

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
55
Q

where does lipase act

A

small intestine

56
Q

where is lipase secreted

57
Q

function of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

A
  • kill harmful microorganisms in food
  • provide acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity of proteases
58
Q

what is bile and function

A
  • alkaline mixture
  • neutralise acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering duodenum from stomach
  • provide suitable pH for enzyme action
  • emulsify fats (increase SA for chemical digestion)

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