C1 states of matter

Question 1

properties of solids

Answer 1

• fixed shape and volume
• cannot be compressed

Question 2

properties of liquids

Answer 2

• no fixed shape, take shape of container
• fixed volume
• can flow
• cant be compressed

Question 3

properties of gases

Answer 3

• no fixed shape, take shape of container
• no fixed volume, take up volume of container
• can flow
• can be compressed

Question 4

arrangement of particles of solids

Answer 4

• regular arrangement
• tightly packed
• vibrate in place
• strong forces of attraction holding in position

Question 5

arrangement of particles in liquids

Answer 5

• no regular arrangement
• tightly packed
• move randomly at diff speeds
• weaker forces of attraction

Question 6

arrangement of particles in gases

Answer 6

• no regular arrangement
• move randomly at diff, high speeds
• v weak forces of attraction

Question 7

behaviour of particles during melting

Answer 7

• as more energy supplied, vibration of particles increase
• when particles have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction, begin to move past each other

Question 8

behaviour of particles during boiling

Answer 8

• as more energy supplied, particles gain energy and move faster
• when particles have enough energy, overcome forces of attraction and break free from liquid

Question 9

behaviour of particles during condensing

Answer 9

• as gas cools, energy removed
• particles slow down
• no longer have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction

Question 10

behaviour of particles during freezing

Answer 10

• as liquid cools, energy removed
• particles slow down
• forces of attraction pull particles into regular arrangement

Question 11

why does changing temperature change volume of gas

Answer 11

temp inc:
- particles gain kinetic energy from surroundings, move faster
- take up more space, vol inc

temp dec:
- particles move more slowly and closer tf
- take up less space, vol dec

Question 12

why does pressure change as volume of gas changes

Answer 12

vol dec:
- more particles per unit area
- more frequent collisions with wall of container
- greater force exerted on wall, pressure inc

vol inc:
- less particles per unit area
- less frequent collisions with walls of container
- less force exerted on wall, pressure dec

Question 13

relationship between pressure and volume

Answer 13

pressure is inversely proportional to volume

AT A CONSTANT TEMP

Question 14

pascal to n/m^2

Answer 14

1Pa = 1N/m^2

Question 15

relationship between temperature and volume of gas

Answer 15

temperature is proportional to volume

AT A CONSTANT PRESSURE

Question 16

define diffusion (chem)

Answer 16

• net mvmt of particles
• from area of high conc to area of low conc
• until conc even throughout

Question 17

how does large molecular mass affect rate of diffusion

Answer 17

carry more mass, require more KE to move same distance

Question 18

is diffusion faster in a vacuum or air

Answer 18

faster in vacuum

Question 19

why is diffusion faster in vacuum

Answer 19

• few air particles
• little resistance to path of diffusing particles
• when diffusing particles collide with air particles, slow down rate of diffusion